英语的元音音标中,长元音/iː/和短元音/ɪ/是非常容易混淆的一对音标,一不小心就会读错。更为糟糕的是,很多不好的词是由短元音/ɪ/构成的,比如shit,piss,bitch,sick,sin等等(小编都不好意思给出翻译,请把鼠标放在单词上自己问沪江小D吧!),说错或听错的后果非常严重。所以我们还是多花些时间,把它们好好拎拎清楚吧!
【发音对比】
/iː/发音时唇角向左右两侧展开,舌头前部抬高,与上颚之间形成的空隙非常狭窄;相比之下/ɪ/的舌前抬高的幅度要小一些,嘴角的左右拉伸程度也较小,总之舌头和嘴唇的肌肉都相对轻松些。以下对比图非常清晰地看出这两项区别。
虽说人们常把/iː/和/ɪ/看作是成对的长元音和短元音,但是它们的区别绝不仅仅在于音程的长短!在以下这段BBC的教学视频中,也可以看到Alex教授并没有刻意拉长/iː/的音程。
看过了嘴形的区别之后,再锻炼一下我们的耳朵,是否能听出他们的区别?
/iː/ /ɪ/; sheep ship; bean bin; meal mill; heel hill.
Look out for that sheep! / Look out for that ship!
Stop it leaking! / Stop it licking!
What lovely cheeks! / What lovely chicks!
Throw out that bean! / Throw out that bin!
He's going to leave. / He's going to live.
希望在做了这么多对比练习之后,大家不会再把You're sitting on the sheet 说成You're sitting on the shit了!
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