人们总是忌讳讨论死亡这个话题,而语言就是最有力的证据。就说中文和英文好了,其实一个“死”、一个“die”足以解决问题,但这两种语言都有那么多或委婉或幽默的表达方式,可见我们是
多么不情愿直接用那个“不吉利”的字眼。
英语中大家比较熟悉的委婉语包括pass away(去世)、departthis life(与世长辞)、be gone(离开)、go to heaven(上天堂)、did not make it(没挺过来)等。它们的意思一目了然,跟对应的中文表达方式也都完全吻合,所以比较容易理解。但幽默语就另当别论了,因为从它们的字面意思很难联想到“死”。常把要宰杀的猪四脚朝天地高高吊起,绳的顶端固定在一块木板(buque)上。猪在被割断喉咙后必定会拼命挣扎,不断地踢那块木板,直到最后一动不动为止,所以kick the bucket就和死联系起来了。
‘kick the bucket描述的是自杀行为。这是在很多影视作品里都 经常可以看到的场景:自杀者站在木桶上,用绳套住自己的脖子,然后踢开脚下的桶,活活吊死。虽然这种解释跟短语 的字面意思非bucket并不是指自杀式的死亡。在实际运用中,它形容的是不以自己意志为转移的、非主动选择的死亡,尤其是病死。
由于kick the bucket是幽默语,它的使用必须注意场合。在需要保持庄严、肃穆气氛的时刻,应该避免这个短语,改用passaway之类的委婉语。比如在致悼词时,绝对不能说“She/Hekicked thepucket last Friday,and we are all deeply saddened by this.”这跟用中文致悼词时不能说“他、她”于上周五翘辫子,我们都为此感到十分伤心”是一样的道理,给一个合适用kick安详。)
Jesse: How old was she'?(她多大岁数啊?)Mark: 95. (950) Jesse: Impressive!【fl'm in my 80s when l kickthC buekee. I'll be very happy.(很了不起啊!我如果能撑到80岁以后才翘辫子,就很开心了。)
说到“死”,还有一种特殊的死法值得一提——安乐死。2006年II月,德国护士Stephan Letter被法院判定在工作期间谋杀28位病人的罪名成立,震惊了全世界。此案是德国自第二次世界大战以来最严重的连环谋杀案,各国媒体都进行了详细的报道。Stephan所使用的杀人手段之一就是安乐死。“安乐死”通常有两种表达,“euthanasia,’和“mercy killing”。前者源于希腊语,意思是“无痛苦的、幸福的死亡”,常见于医学和法律文件。相比而言,mercy killing更常用于日常对话。
举例如下: Euthanasia is the practice of' killing without pain a paticnt who i8 suffcring rrom a cliscase that cannot bc cured.1t is still illegal most countries_【安乐死是无痛杀死身患绝症的病人的行为。它在大多数国家尚未合法化。)Gavin: I don't get why so many people are against mercy killing,I mean when you are terminally iIl and aIl you do is suffer from enormous pain
every singleday.why not go for merey killing'?(我实在不理解为什么那么多人反对安乐死。如果你得的是绝症,活着的每天只是继续忍受无穷无尽的痛苦,为什么不选择安乐死呢?)
Barbara:No offense but people are entitled to different opinions. for one. believethat you should never take a life away because no matter how you spin it is still a murder . (无意冒犯你,不过每个人都有权保持自己的看法。我就认为永远不该亲手结束一条生命,因为无论从什么角度去看,它还是谋杀行为。)
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