1.分词的性质:
具有形容词性质,可以在句中担任表语、定语、宾补、状语,现在分词表示主动,且动作在进行:过去分词表示被动,或动作已完成。
2.分词的形式:
举例:write(vt)
时态:①主动语态;现在时表示为:writing;完成时表示为:having written。
②被动语态;现在时表示为:being written;完成时表示为:having been written。
3.用法:
(1)定语 分词置于被修饰名词前
分词短语于置于被修饰名词后
a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping
a running dog = a dog which is running
a broken glass = a glass which is broken
a beaten team = a team which is beaten(beaten 是被打败的意思)
This is the problem discussed at the last meeting.
The problem being discussed is very important.
(2)表语:
The book is interesting.
He is interested in the book.
The news is exciting.
He feels excited.
(3)宾语补足语:
When I woke up, I found my mother sitting beside me.
I'd like to have this package weighed.
掌握精髓:动词不定式作宾语表示动作的全过程,而现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行;过去分词表示被动概念。
(4)状语:(以下例句值得一背!)
① If you turn to the left, you'll find the station.
Turning to the left, you'll find the station.
② As I didn't receive her letter, I called her up by telephone.
Not receiving her letter, I called her up by telephone.
③ While I was walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.
Walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.
④ When she was asked it she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.
Asked if she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.
你知道吗?注意:在运用此类句型时主语前后要保持一致。
① When school was over, the boys went home.
Being over, the boys went home. ×
School being over, the boys went home. √
② As my homework has been done, I have nothing else to do.
My homework having been done, I have nothing else to do.
③ If weather permits, I'll start tomorrow.
Weather permitting, I'll start tomorrow.
4.分词的时态:
现在分词一般时表示此动作与主句谓语动词同时发生。
现在分词完成时表示此动作在主句谓语动词之前发生。
Entering the room, he saw he. (几乎同时)
Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam. (分词动作在前)
5.语态:现在分词一般时被动表动作正在被进行,完成时被动强调分词所表示的动作先被完成。
The ships being loaded and unloaded belong to us.
Having been warned of typhoon, the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbor.(渔民先被告知而后驶向港口)
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