Facial Reconstruction
When skeletal remains are found, and the victim remains unidentified after traditional means of identification fail, investigators may call upon the forensic artist to utilize the three-dimensional facial reconstruction technique. The three-dimensional process is initiated by placing the skull on a workable stand, where the skull can easily be tilted and turned in all directions. The skull must be positioned in the Frankfort Horizontal position. By utilizing proper tissue depth data determined by race, gender, and age. Artificial eyes are placed in the skulls eye sockets, centered and at the proper depth. The tissue markers are glued directly onto the skull. Clay will be systematically applied directly on the skull, following the skulls contours; paying strict attention to the applied tissue markers. Various measurements are made, and logged, to determine nose thickness/length, mouth thickness/width, and eye placement. Information such as geographic location of where the deceased lived, his or her lifestyle, and the various information provided to the artist by the Forensic Anthropologist and other professionals, is heavily relied upon when completing the reconstruction. Hair is accomplished by means of a wig, or by applying clay to represent hair. Various items , such as glasses, clothing, hats, etc. may be applied to better accentuate the features of the individual. Upon completion, the sculpture is photographed. All procedures are documented and working notes collected. When executed properly, this technique is proven to have a high success rate.
As with the three-dimensional technique, the two-dimensional reconstruction is used when unidentified skeletal remains are found. The two-dimensional reconstruction process is initiated by utilizing the same data as used for the Three-dimensional clay reconstruction. The process begins by gluing on the proper tissue markers in the proper pre-determined locations. The skull is then placed on a stand in the Frankfort Horizontal position. The skull is photographed; profile and frontal views, at a 1:1 scale, with a ruler positioned aside of the skull. The photos are then enlarged to life size dimension. The frontal and profile photos are then taped, in the Frankfort Horizontal position, directly aside one another, to two separate flat wood boards. Upon completion of the above process, transparent natural vellum sheets are taped directly over the printed photographs. Sketching begins, where the artist follows the contours of the skull, along with using the tissue markers as guidelines. Measurements for the mouth, nose, and eyes, is the same for the Two-dimensional process as it is with the Three-dimensional process. Hair type and style is determined by samples found on the scene by investigators, or by estimation determined by victims race, gender, and/or ethnic background. Information provided by the Forensic Anthropologist and other professionals is utilized. All procedures are documented and working notes collected. This method has also been tried and proved over the years. Benefits of this method over the clay reconstruction are cost, and the time it takes to complete the reconstruction.
Another method of Two-dimensional identification is that of reconstructing a face from a decomposing body. Utilizing the artists knowledge of the face, how the soft tissue lies on the skull, and a general knowledge of how the human body reacts to decomposition, the artist can make educated estimations on how an individual may have appeared prior to death. All methods of facial reconstruction allow the investigators, and the media, the opportunity to put a face with the victim, and a chance of a quick identification saving man-hours, and allowing the victims family to put the element of the unknown to rest.
“母亲”这个伟大的职业(双语)
伤感美文:人生若只如初见
浪漫英文情书精选:I'm So Sorry, Baby对不起宝贝
美文欣赏:海边漫步
浪漫英文情书精选:Keep You Forever永远温存着你
英语晨读:忘忧树
最美的英文情诗:请允许我成为你的夏季
双语美文精选:但愿人长久,千里共婵娟
精选英语散文欣赏:一棵小苹果树
精选英语美文阅读:英国民谣《绿袖子》
英语晨读:潘多拉
精选英语美文阅读:饶孟侃《呼唤》
精选英语美文阅读::朋友的祈祷
精选英语散文欣赏:平等的爱
精选英语美文阅读:爱会伴随着度过一生
精选英语美文阅读:爱的奇迹 Keep on Singing
诗歌:放慢你的舞步
精选英语美文阅读:假如生活欺骗了你
英语美文欣赏:A beautiful song
浪漫英文情书精选:My Everything我的一切
英语美文:生命这个奇迹
英语美文:A Psalm of Life 人生礼颂
精美散文:守护自己的天使
浪漫英文情书精选:Don't Give Up不要放弃
英语美文:Keep on Singing
精选英语美文阅读:山居秋暝
态度决定一切 Attitude Is Everything
双语美文:What are you still waiting for?
英语美文30篇系列之21
人生哲理:年轻无悔 别停下追寻梦想的脚步
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |