动词、五个基本句型、动词的时态和语态
动词
从一定意义上讲,英语语法就是动词的语法,因此,掌握动词的特性、变化、句型是学习英语语法的重中之重。为了能更好地理解下面的讲课内容,首先要搞清动词的几个基本概念。
1) be 动词和do动词:be动词也称状态动词,用于说明状态或性质,主要用于构成英语的主系表句型;do动词也称为行为动词,分及物动词和不及物动词;
2) 及物动词和不及物动词:不及物动词后面不跟宾语, 也没有被动语态; 及物动词后面一定要有宾语;
3) 双宾语结构和复合宾语结构:比较下面两个句子:
My mother made me a cake.
My father made me a doctor.
第一句是双宾语结构,即 My mother made a cake for me.
第二句是复合宾语结构,其句法功能为:My father made me be a doctor . 说明复合宾语结构中,宾语和宾语补足语之间有主谓关系.
4) 情态动词:must, should, ought to, can, may, need, used to 等动词称为情态动词,有三大特征:A. 不受主语人称和数的影响,如:He may go now. / May I go now? 句中may的形式不变;B. 否定时在后面加not, 如:You ought not to have cheated her. C. 与另一动词连用,中间不用 + to , 如上举例。
请根据上述原则,说出以下那种表达方式是对的:
A. She needs to see a doctor.
B. She doesnt need to see a doctor.
C. Does she need to see a doctor?
D. She needs not see a doctor.
E. She neednt see a doctor.
F. She doesnt need see a doctor.
G. She needs see a doctor.
从语法角度看,A、B、C、E是对的。
5) 助动词:帮助实意动词构成某种结构的词,如: He did come yesterday; I saw him in the office.
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