时态、语态
1.以下几类动词一般不能用于进行时态,也不用于完成进行时态。
1)表示感知的感官动词:hear,feeling,notice,recognize,see,taste,smell
2)表示意愿情感的动词:desire,dislike,forgive,hate,like,love,prefer,refuse,want,wish,fear,hate
3)表示思考看法的动词:believe,doubt,expecting,forget,hope,feel,mean,know,agree,realize,mind,recall,recollect,remember,trust,suppose
4)表示拥有占有的动词:belong t0,owe,own,possess,hold
5)其他动词:cost,appear,concelll,contain,consist,deserve,matter,seem
2.不用will/shall表达将来时的形式:
1)be going to表示现在的打算和意图;
2)be about t0;be destined t0
3)be to表示安排、计划、决定、命令或注定要发生的事;
4)arrive,come,drive,g0,leave,retire,return,set off,start,take off等移位动词进行时表示按计划肯定要发生的将来动作;
5)be on the point 0f表示马上就要,一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用;
6)be,begin,come,depart,get 0ff,g0,leave,return,start的一般现在时表示按日历或时刻表要发生的将来动作或事件;
7)在时间、条件状语从句中,一般现在时代替将来时;
3.与完成时态连用的句型和时间状语:
1)by/up to/till+过去时间、since,by the time/when+谓语动词是一般过去时的从句,主句用过去完成时;
2)by+将来时间、by the time/when+谓语动词是一般现在时的从句,主句用将来完成时;
3)recentlylatelyby nowso farsince+过去点时间in/during/for the past/last fewthree years/days/months.谓语动词用现在完成时态;
4)在It is the+序数词/形容词最高级+timedayyear+that的定语从句中,谓语动词用现在完成时态:
5)在no soonerthan,hardly/scarcelywhen/before句型中,主句用过去完成时;
6)其它与完成时态连用的时间状语:all this while,all this year,for some time,already,before,just,long,yet等。
4.下列及物动词不能用于被动语态:
contain,cost,enter,fit,have,hold,lack,last,own,possess,belong to,resemble,suit,
wish,agree with,consist of,get to,keep track of,shake hands with,take part in,walk into,arrive at,reach
5.接动名词时主动形式表示被动意义的动词:
bear,deserve,merit,need,require,want,demand
6.后接副词时主动形式表示被动意义的动词:
wash,open,polish,wear,write,sell,pull,push,lock,clean,cut,spoil,read
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