2015年职称英语考试综合类语法词汇指导(十三)

　　 special与especial的区别：表示事件不同寻常、过分或特殊时,两个词可互换,但special较为常用。另外,special还可以表示特别的目的。如： She pays special attention to clothes. / These are special chairs for small children.

　　gone、lost、missing的区别：gone表示丢了,没了,含一去不复返的意思,也可以表示死了,作表语或宾补,不可以作定语;lost表示丢失,含难以找回的意思,可作定语、表语或宾补;missing表示失踪了,不见了,强调某人物不在原处,可作定语、表语或宾补。如：My fever is gone, but I still have a cough. / The parents found the lost child at last. / My dictionary is missing.Whos taken it away? / For more detailed information of the missing girls, please visit our website.

　　 living、alive、live、lively的区别：四个词都来源于动词live生活、居住。

　　living读有三个意思：①活着的、现存的,作表语或定语,②一模一样的、逼真的,③相当于lively,意思是强烈的、活泼的

　　live读,指东西活的,可以替换为living;

　　alive读作表语,指人活着的,如果作定语,则放在名词的后面;

　　lively读有三个意思：①有生气的、活泼的、快活的,②鲜艳的,③生动的、真实的。

　　例如：A living language should be learned orally. / We have a living hope that you will succeed. / Is she still alive? / They are the happiest children alive. / This is a live fish. / A live wire is dangerous. / She is as lively as a kitten. / He gave a lively description of the football match.

　　sick与ill区别：sick和ill都表示生病的,但是,sick可以做定语、表语,而ill只能做表语。如：He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak now. / Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets owners like them.

　　 the poor / the rich等用法：the+形容词这一结构可以表示一类人物,复数含义。如：We must try our best to help the poor. / The rich never know how the poor are living.