第15讲claim(要求)与exclamation mark(感叹号)表示叫喊的词根clamare
学生:为什么感叹号!的英文表达是exclamation mark呢?
老师:它的词根是拉丁语词汇clamare(大声叫喊),在此词根上加上ex-(朝外)就有了对外大声叫喊之意,这可不就成了感叹号!(exclamation mark)的意念了么?
学生:claim(要求)的词根也是拉丁语词clamare,是不是因为要求的时候往往大声叫的缘故呢?
老师:对,claim(要求、索求、主张)给人的感觉就是大声说出不对、那是我的。如果从其日语的意译要求、索求、主张来理解,就不能真正了解claim在英美人心中的意念,也就不能很好的抓住这个词的本质。我们之所以要学习词源,也就是希望能象英美人一样理解单词的意念,从而熟练掌握单词的用法。
学生:还有一个好处,就是能通过词根归纳单词,举一反三。
老师:不错,正是如此。是不是激发了学习的欲望了?
同根关联词
acclaim:喝彩、称赞、宣称构成:ac-=ad-(=to+clamare
declaim:演讲、高谈阔论构成:de(强行)+clamare、否认、拒绝承认构成:dis(不)+clamare(大声叫喊)
proclaim:宣布、声明构成:pro(=before+clamare(大声叫喊)对着前面大叫
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