英语四级真题阅读长难句的分析（十四）

　　50. Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access.

　　【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为the highways have 。have 后的部分都是宾语。Built with safety in mind 是过去分词短语作伴随状语，其逻辑主语是highways。现在分词 dividing 作前置定语，修饰 medians or barriers。 【译文】这些公路以安全为建造理念建成，有宽阔的车道和路肩，标有中分线或装了中分路障，还配备了长长的进出道路和为安全转弯设计弧线道路，并设置了准入限制。 51. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands aren t available in stores, most diners don t notice or care. 【分析】本句为复合句。主句为most diners don t notice or care。since 表示 既然，由于 ，引导原因状语从句。和 because, as 及 for 有所不同，since 表明的是已知的原因。 【译文】但是因为水比酒便宜很多，而且许多吸引人的牌子在商店里看不到，导致了就餐者没有注意到或是根本不关心。 52. He must use the sounds of speech to identify the words spoken, understand the pattern of organization of the words , and finally interpret the meaning. 【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 He must use the sounds, understand the pattern, and interpret the meaning。to identify the words spoken, understand the pattern of organization of the words 和 finally interpret the meaning是并列的动词不定式结构，表示目的。 【译文】他需要用语音来确认所发出的词，理解词或句的组织结构，最后解释意思。 53. Perhaps it was the extreme contrast with Japanese society that prompted American firms to pay more attention to women buyers. 【分析】本句为强调句型。强调句型It is/was+被强调部分+that/who 用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分，当被强调部分是人时也可以用 who。 【译文】可能是与日本社会强烈的对比才促使美国公司向女性消费者投入更多的注意力。 54. As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking and failure to exercise. 【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为the focus has been shifting。第一个As是关系代词，引导定语从句，修饰的是整个句子。第二个as用于such as，是固定结构，表示举例说明。 【译文】就像我们看到的那样，我们社会医疗保健的重心已经由治疗疾病转变到了预防疾病，尤其表现在改变不健康行为，如不好的饮食习惯，吸烟以及缺乏运动。 55. Reaching new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg Water, which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada. 【分析】本句为复合句。主句Reaching is Iceberg Water为倒装句，正常语序应为Iceberg Water is reaching new peaks of popularity，为强调Reaching new peaks of popularity而将其提前至句首。which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Iceberg Water。 【译文】萃取自加拿大纽芬兰沿岸冰山的 冰水 在北美的受欢迎程度一再创出新高。