英语四级考试阅读材料:逐词对应 巧做细节题

　　In communities north of Denver, residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators as the Vrain school District tries to solve a $13.8 million budget shortage blamed on mismanagement. Were worried about our teachers and principals, and we really dont want to lose them because of this, one parent sail. If we can help ease their financial burden, we will.

　　The 22,000-student district discovered the shortage last month. Its extraordinary. Nobody would have imagined something happening like this at this level, said State Treasurer Mike Coffman.

　　At Coffmans request, the District Attorney has begun investigating the districts finances. Coffman says he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortage until after the November election, when voters approved a $212 million bond issue for schools.

　　At Creek High School, three students started a website that displays newspaper articles, district information and an email forum。Rumors about whats happening to the district are moving at lighting speed, said a student. We wanted to know the truth, and spread that around instead.

　　28.In the view of State Treasurer Mike Coffman, the educational budget shortage is_________.

　　A) unavoidable

　　B) unthinkable

　　C) insolvable

　　D) irreversible

　　29.Why did Coffman request an investigation?

　　A) To see if there was a deliberate cover-up of the problem.

　　B) To find out the extent of the consequences of the case.

　　C) To make sure that the school principals were innocent.

　　D) To stop the voters approving the $212 million bong issue.

　　30.Three high school students started a website in order to__________.

　　A) attract greater public attention to their needs

　　B) appeal to the public for contributions and donations

　　C) expose officials who neglected their duties

　　D) keep people properly informed of the crisis

　　28题问的是Mike Coffman对预算短缺问题看法。一般考生都可以分析出来此题所针对的是文章第2段当中Coffman所说的Nobody would have imagined something happening like this at this level(几乎没有人能够想象到会发生程度如此严重的问题)。大概说来Coffman想要强调的是问题的严重性。不过分析四个选项之后我们发现命题者可谓是颇费心思，所设计的四个选项unavoidable (难以避免)、unthinkable(难以设想)、insolvable(无法解决)还有irreversible(覆水难收)都有问题严重这个含义在内，这就使得不少考生犯难了。而逐词对应这个方法就是要告诫我们抛开对选项和原文的表面化和简单化的了解，要深入到其中的核心词汇，逐个加以分析。比如28题的四个选项，在经过纵向比较之后不难发现它们虽然表面意思比较接近但是其中的动词词根的意义差别却相当巨大，分别为avoid(避免)、think、solve(解决)和reverse(颠倒)。接着我们回看原文，在Coffman所说的这句话中真正的实义动词就是imagine(想象)。很明显，只有B选项的think最能够传达原文的意思。

　　29题问Coffman为什么要求对该地财政状况进行调查。第三段第二句告诉我们he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortage until after the November election(他想知道是否有当地官员故意掩盖预算短问题缺，一直拖到11月份选举)。根据逐词对应的思路，我们首先要提炼出原文当中的核心词汇尤其是实义动词，因为动词牵涉到全句的基本含义，所以实义动词的提取和比较也就是它的精髓所在。原句的实义动词有两部分，首先是主句的wants to know，显然D选项的动词stop是无法与之对应的，自然被排除。接着我们又看到原句中的第二个动词hid，在这儿它的意思是掩盖。分析到此相信大家都明白了，能够和它对等的就是B选项中的cover-up。逐词对应避免了对无关或者多余信息的比较，直指核心，确实达到了事半功倍的效果。

　　最后一题在当年的考试当中是得分率最低的一个。但是在使用了逐词对应之后相信读者们会迅速做出正确判断。

　　30题针对的是全文最后一句，We wanted to know the truth, and spread that around instead.(我们想要了解事实并将向公众传达)。不难发现这句话中的实义动词有两个，know和spread。值得注意的是这里的spread是传播的意思。再来看看四个选项的动词部分，A选项是attract，吸引;B选项是appeal to，在本句中的意思是呼吁;C选项是expose，揭露;D选项是动词词组，keep somebody informed，告知、通知某人。既然原文讲到学生门成立网站的目的是要了解和传播事实，那就是要让大家都知道事实，或者说把事实情况告诉给周围的人，显而易见，D选项成为了不二的选择。