单项填空
第4课时
1. I got this bicycle for ______; My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one. (2011·全国大纲卷)
A. everything
B. something
C. anything
D. nothing
D 考查复合不定代词的用法。句意为“我没花钱就得了这辆自行车;我的朋友买了一辆新车,就把这辆给了我。”根据后面“gave it to me”可判断没花钱,nothing表否定,for表示交换。 思路点拨
2. Neither side is prepared to talk to ______ unless we can smooth things over between them.(2010·全国大纲卷)
A. others
B. the other
C. another
D. one other
B 句意:除非我们能消除他们之间的矛盾,否则他们俩都不打算和对方讲话。others无范围,指别人;another无范围,指另一个;the other指两者中的另一方,根据关键词neither作出选择。
思路点拨 【考点1】区别one,ones,it,that,those的用法 The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase ______.
(2011·北京卷)
A. them
B. those
C. it
D. that
C it用来指代前面提到的具体的事情。
it指的是前文出现的人或事物;相当于the+名词;
one 指的是同名异物,表示单数可数名词,相当于a +名词;
用作a/an+形容词+one,等于a/an+形容词+名词;复数形式用ones;
that后面常有后置定语,有特指意义,代替不可数名词或单数可数名词,相当于the+名词;复数名词用those,相当于the ones。
【考点2】such与so的用法 (1)such指如前所述的这样的人或物。 Such is Albert Einstein, a famous physicist.(2)so 作指示代词时,代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情。 ①so用于句型I (don't) believe/ think/ expect/ suppose/ guess/ imagine so. I hope/ am afraid so. (注意not 则可以代替否定的一个句子,如I believe not.) 【考点2】such与so的用法 if so…中,so 代替前文提出的观点。 — Were many people injured in the earthquake that happened in Yushu, Gansu in April, 2010? — I don't expect so. ②so用于倒装句,表示前一句主语所叙述的肯定事实也适用于后一句主语;否定句用neither或nor。 He enjoys pop music, and so do I. (so do I = I enjoy pop music, too.) 【考点3】both, each, either, neither等用法辨析
He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found ______ of them again.
(2010·重庆卷)
A. neither
B. either
C. each
D. all
B 考查代词。由“his temper and his health”可以排除C项和D项,由后面的never可知,选either。never…either…是全部否定,相当于neither。
它们均适用于范围是2的情况:both指“两者都”;each 指“两者中的每一个”;either指“两者中的任何一个”; neither 指“两者都不”,neither of…或neither+名词单数。 注意:both…not/ not both…表示“并非两者都……”。
【考点4】all, each, every, any, none等用法辨析
You want to buy a stamp of this kind? Oh, this kind of stamp is on sale everywhere. You can get one at ______ post office in this city.
A. every
B. all
C. any
D. one
C 根据前文这种邮票在每个地方都有售,所以你可以在这个城市的任何一个邮局买到,故选C。
它们均适用于范围是3或3以上的情况:all 指“所有都”; each指“每一个,侧重于个体”;every指“每一个,侧重于整体”,只能修饰名词;any通常用在肯定句中,指“任何一个”;none ①指“一个都不”,表示3者或3者以上的完全否定;②none= no + 名词,可用于回答how much/ how many的提问。 【考点5】other, the other, others, the others, another等用法辨析 — Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear? — ______ one?(2011·陕西卷)
A. Other
B. Every
C. Another
D. More
C 考查不定代词other,another的用法; 句意:——亲爱的,请到厨房给我拿一块巧克力好吗?——还要一块吗?
①other 其他的,其余的;作形容词,往往修饰名词,不能单独使用;
②one…the other…一个……,另一个……(范围是两者);
③others = other+名词复数,泛指,表示“其他人”或“其他物”;对应some…others…一些……,另一些……;
④the others = the other +名词复数,特指,表示某一范围内“剩余的人或物”;
⑤another 表示不定数量中的“另一个”;既可以作定语,修饰名词;也可作代词独立使用。
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