在备考英语四级考试时,发现阅读中有不少句子超出自己的理解范围。对于这些句子,我们需要从语法的角度去完全把握。下面我们来看看英语四级阅读中常见四种逻辑关系的解析。
其实长难句在考试中最直接的运用就是考察插入句子题和解释句子题。对于这样的题目,我们在不能读懂句子的情况下,能够把握的就是句子的内在关系,即逻辑。逻辑在解释句子题中的运用尤为重要,以前有学生反映,在考试中其实句子根本就不能读懂,而利用逻辑就能迅速排除选项,从而找到正确的答案。所以说,逻辑是我们英语四级阅读中的隐形解题帮手,考生们一定要尤为关注。
下面是英语四级阅读中经常出现的四大逻辑关系,把握了它们就等于掌握了英语四级阅读解题技巧的一个重要部分。
1. 因果关系
因:because、because of、for、as、since、in that、on account of、with
果:so、so that、therefore、thereby、as a result、hence、thus、consequently、accordingly
因果关系除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外,隐性的因果同样是不可忽略的一个重要部分。
2.隐性因果:
A 导致:cause、reason、lead to、give rise to、result in、render、make、let、ask、push、stimulate、fuel、produce
如:The increased presures of expanding population have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and tow are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees.
在这段话中,有lead to表示了导致的意思,即结果,而so that更进一步表示了后面的结果,所以可以充分判定这段话有因果关系的逻辑。
B 由而来:result from、derive from、originate from、initiate from、stem from、be attributable to
如:The extreme serioue of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendous numbers of people affected,as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the proce.
在这段话中,根据result from可以推断出有因果关系,那如果是解释句子题时,选项中有因果关系就可以优先考虑。
C 反映,体现:reflect、present、demonstrate、suggest、imply
D 考虑到:given、considering、in view of、thanks to、according to
He succeeded thanks to his effort.
E 依赖于:rely on、depend on、resort to
He resorted to books when he had problems.
F 条件关系:when、once、as soon as、As long as
As soon as he got the money, he would leave the country at once.
G 分词短语,不定式做状语:Failing in the final exam, she cried.
B 比较级:more than、-er than
C 变化:change、alter、vary、modify、revise、increase、decrease、enhance、diminish、develop、progress、advance、improve、retreat、degenerate、continue、remain
D 差异:different、distinguish、separate、same、similar、comparable、compare to
E 超越:surpass、exceed、excel、over
F 最高级,本身有最高级含义:maximum、minimum、peak、outstanding
G 本身程度比较深:amazing、surprising、astonishing、prohibitively
H 否定+比较=最高级 No one is more outstanding than him.
从这句话中可以看出,否定加比较表示的是一种最高级关系。
4. 否定关系
显性否定:no、not、never、nor、none neither
隐形否定:fail to、refuse、remove、mi、reject、aence of、lack of
否定前缀:a-、ab-、dis-、il-、im-、in-、non-、un-否定前缀是词汇题中经常出的一个考点,把握否定前缀可以帮助考生把握一些生词,依靠否定前缀对选项进行一个排除。
双重否定:not fail to、not illegal、not uncommon、not unavailable双重否定是英文中经常运用的表达方式,由于在平时中文对话中用的很少,随意对双重否定的把握就显得特别的重要。
准备英语四级的同学在平时的阅读练习中不妨多多留意句子中的逻辑关系,将以上的归纳知识运用到做题中去,对于理解文章大意将很有帮助。
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