下面是2014年英语四级阅读练习题,希望同学们英语四级考试顺利!
With the increase in the number of such advertisements, however, each advertiser within a certain group is competing with others in the same group for the readers attention。 Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to old cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Some other researchers who study various aspects of mental life, maintain those rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks in grade-school children suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal Personality and Social Psychology.
If they know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity, says Robert Esenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Esenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore falling grades.
In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economics, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
1. Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward ____.
A) the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards
B) the appropriate amount of external rewards
C) the study of relationship between actions and
D) the effects of external rewards on students performance
2. What is the view held by many educators concerning external rewards for students?
A) They approve of external rewards.
B) They dont think external rewards.
C) They have doubts about external rewards.
D) They believe external rewards can motivate small children, but not college students.
3. According to the result of the study mentioned in the passage, what should educators do to stimulate motivation and creativity?
A) Give rewards for performances which deserve them.
B) Always promise rewards.
C) Assign tasks which are not very challenging.
D) Be more lenient to students when mistakes are made.
4. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe ____.
A) rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students
B) punishment is more effective than rewarding
C) failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards
D) discouraging the students anticipation for easy rewards is matter of urgency
5.Which of the following facts about token economics is not correct?
A) Students are assigned challenging tasks.
B) Rewards are given for good performances.
C) Students are evaluated according to the effort they put into the task.
D) With token economics, students creativity can be enhanced.
【答案解析】
1. D
心理学家认为外界的奖励对学生会有不同的影响。事实辨析题。根据文章第一句话Psychologists take opposing views of how external re wards, from warm praise to old cash, affect motivation and creativity可知,心理学家的分歧在于来自外界的奖励对学生的积极性和创造性究竟有什么影响,故选项D正确.
2. C
许多教育家对外界的奖励持怀疑态度。
文章第二段第一句话提到,后一种观点得到了许多教育工作者的支持,从第一段中可知,后一种观点是:奖励会促使学生对别人的赞许和馈赠产生依赖心理,因此奖励会破坏创造精神。由此可知,他们对奖励的正面作用持怀疑态度。故选项C正确。
3. A
根据文中的研究结果表明,教育家通过给予学生应得的奖励来提高他们的积极性和创造性。文章第三段指出,给予学生恰当的奖励,可使他们发挥更大的创造性,但如果对糟糕的表现也给予奖励,或让学生对奖励有太多的期许,反而会扼杀创造性。故选项A正确。
4. B
从文中可以得知,一些重点大学试图加强等级标准,因为他们相信惩罚比奖励更有效。事实辨析题。从文中第四段可知,许多大学之所以严格考试的评分标准,是因为A teacher ... who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students。选项B 与此意相同。
5. C
根据学生的表现对他们做出评价。事实辨析题。根据最后一段的意思,在这种奖励制度下,要根据学生的表现对他们做出评价,而不仅仅是他们花费了多少精力来完成任务,故选项C正确。
SAT扩展阅读(三):Dubliners, the Dear
SAT篇章阅读高分攻略
SAT填空练习贵在精细
SAT阅读高分攻略系列(二)
如何深入理解SAT考试阅读题
SAT阅读练习题:Reading Comprehension Test 2
SAT阅读准备过程中可能遇到的问题
SAT阅读高分攻略系列(一)
备考SAT:突破阅读很重要
SAT阅读的单词与句子游戏
SAT阅读:双篇对比文章阅读详解
SAT阅读高分攻略系列(五)
SAT考试填空常考单词总结2
SAT阅读材料:双城记分析
SAT阅读高分攻略系列(十):文艺类阅读
SAT阅读技巧与题型分析
教你SAT阅读如何突破740
SAT阅读练习题:Reading Comprehension Test 8
关于SAT阅读部分长难句的学习
SAT阅读高分攻略系列(十一):短篇阅读
SAT阅读练习题:Reading Comprehension Test 1
SAT OG完成句子练习题(一)
SAT阅读剖析与要点解读
SAT阅读练习题:Reading Comprehension Test 3
SAT阅读高分攻略系列(四)
SAT阅读习题7 含中文注释
如何提高SAT阅读能力
SAT阅读完成句子试题9
SAT阅读要涉猎美国社会文化知识
SAT考试有帮助的文学术语
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |