26. The I SO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as environmentally friendly and non polluting cannot be verified.
分析 主干:The standards ban claims
本句只含一个原因状语从句,结构上较为简单。值得注意的是,句中的名词词组大 多含有修饰成分, 如:The ISO labeling standards, claims on product packaging, terms such as...。
译文 ISO 标识标准禁止在商品的包装上出现模糊的或会引起误导的产品说明, 因为我 们无法证明类似环保、无污染等这样的字样。
27. While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, distance learning usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi , reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e mail.
分析 主干:distance learning signifies a course
淤句首 While 引导状语从句,有让步、对比之意。于in which 引导定语从句修饰 a course,该从句本身是and 连接两个分句构成的并列结构,两个分句分别讲到有关老师和学生的情况。 post... on Websites 结构中,post 含有 3 个宾语。
译文 虽然网络课程提供的教学形式会各不相同,但远程学习通常都表现为这样一种课 程:教师将课程大纲、阅读作业及课程进度安排在网站上公布,学生通过电子邮件提交作业。
28. Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in servers and networks to support collaborative software, most distance learning courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded systems.
分析 主干:courses can run
Although 引导让步状语从句。 investment in...表示在...方面的投资。 不定式 to support... 是宾语investment 的补足语,项目需要投资来支持相关软件(因为 support 的逻辑主语不是 programs 而是 investment,所以该不定式应该是补语,而非目的状语)。
译文 虽然一些规模更大的课程需要斥资增加新的服务器、 扩建网络来支持配套的软 件,但大部分远程教育课程可以在现有的或稍加升级的系统上运行。
29. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.
分析 主干:they cannot work...
While 引导让步状语从句,尽管...。 从句中的 employ 表示 采用, 不定式 to get...作目的状语。work in parallel并行不悖地起作用。no matter how 也引导让步状语 从句,表示无论多么...。
译文 尽管要完成定稿这两种思维都不可或缺, 可是它们却不能并行着参与写作过 程要要无论我们多么认为原本如此。
30. While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of the products they buy.
分析 主干:it is clear that...
句首的 While 引导让步状语从句,尽管...。 it is clear...中,it 是形式主语,省略 连接词 that 的从句 there is...才是句子的真正主语。 in ensuring...是 there be 句型的状语成分,在确保...方面。 ensuring 后面接的是省略 that 的宾语从句
译文 虽然有许多好而有用的声明,但是,很明显,要确保购买者完全知晓所购产品对环境的影响还需要很长的时间。
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