In the last 12 years total employment in the United Statesgrew faster than at any time in the peacetime history of any country from 82to 110 million between 1973 and 1985 that is, by a full one third. The entiregrowth, however, was in manufacturing, and especially in no blue-collar jobs
This trend is the same in all developedcountries, and is, indeed, even more pronounced in Japan. It is therefore highlyprobable that in 25 years developed countries such as the United States andJapan will employ no larger a proportion of the labor force I n manufacturingthan developed countries now employ in farming at most, 10 percent. Today theUnited Statesemploys around 18 million people in blue-collar jobs in manufacturingindustries. By 2010, the number is likely to be no more than 12 million. Insome major industries the drop will be even sharper. It is quite unrealistic,for instance, to expect that the American automobile industry will employ morethan one third of its present blue-collar force 25 years hence, even thoughproduction might be 50 percent higher.
If a company, an industry or a country does notin the next quarter century sharply increase manufacturing production and atthe same time sharply reduce the blue-collar work force, it cannot hope toremain competitive or even to remain developed. The attempt to preservesuch blue collar jobs is actually a prescription for unemployment
This is not a conclusion that Americanpoliticians, labor leaders or indeed the general public can easily understandor accept. What confuses the issue even more it that the United Statesis experiencing several separate and different shifts in the manufacturingeconomy. One is the acceleration of the substitution of knowledge and capitalfor manual labor. Where we spoke of mechanization a few decades ago, we nowspeak of robotization or automation. This is actually more a change interminology than a change in reality. When Henry Ford introduced the assemblyline in 1909, he cut the number of man hours required to produce a motor carby some 80 percent in two or three years far more than anyone expects toresult from even the most complete robotization. But there is no doubt that weare facing a new, sharp acceleration in the replacement of manual workers bymachines that is, by the products of knowledge.
1.According to the author, the shrinkage in themanufacturing labor force demonstrates______.
A.the degree to which a countrys production is robotized
B.a reduction in a countrys manufacturing industries
C.a worsening relationship between labor and management
D.the difference between a developed country and a developing country
2.According to the author, in coming 25years, a developed country or industry,in order t remain competitive, ought to ______.
A.reduce the percentage of the blue-collar work force
B.preserve blue collar jobs for international competition
C.accelerate motor can manufacturing in Henry Fords style
D.solve the problem of unemployment
3.American politicians and labor leaders tend to dislike_____.
A.confusion in manufacturing economy
B.an increase in blue collar work force
C.internal competition in manufacturing production
D.a drop in the blue collar job opportunities
4.The word prescription in a prescription for unemployment may be theequivalent to ______
A.something recommended as medical treatment
B.a way suggested to overcome some difficulty
C.some measures taken in advance
D.a device to dire
5.This passage may have been excepted from ________
A.a magazine about capital investment
B.an article on automation
C.a motor-car magazine
D.an article on global economy
答案:AADCD
雅思写作真题范文:环境问题谁来解决
雅思写作常用词汇:全神贯注
雅思写作常用词汇:暴露/小玩意
雅思写作常用词汇:有天分的
雅思写作范文参考:学生就业难
雅思写作常用词汇:获取/胜过
雅思写作范文:报纸对人的影响
雅思写作常用词汇:误导/能力/眼界
雅思写作范文参考:无薪工作的利弊
雅思写作常用词汇:心智发展
雅思写作常用词汇:稳步前进
雅思写作高频替换词整理
雅思写作常用词汇:物质文明
雅思写作常用词汇:邀请/出席
雅思写作重点词汇总结:科技类
雅思写作常用词汇:学校教育/家庭教育
“打油诗”趣解雅思写作的常见论点
雅思写作常用词汇:超重的/破坏
雅思写作考试需要注意的几个注意事项
雅思写作重点词汇整理:环保类
雅思写作考试先写小作文还是先写大作文?
雅思写作常用词汇:突破/技术的
雅思写作常用词汇:进取心/区分
雅思写作句子练习20条
名师指导雅思大作文的常见论点
雅思写作常用词汇:社交地/课外的
雅思写作常用词汇:信息爆炸
雅思写作学习材料:美国总统演说
实用资料:雅思写作词汇替换语料
雅思写作常用词汇:海外留学
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