英语六级（三）：仔细阅读答案及解析

　　Section C

　　Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

　　Call it the learning paradox , the more you struggle and even fail while you re trying to learn new information, the better you re likely to recall and apply that information later.

　　The learning paradox is at the heart of productive failure .a phenomenon identified by researcher Manu Kapur. Kapur points outthat while the model adopted by many teachers when introducing students to new knowledge―providing lots of structure and guidance early on, until the students show that they can do it on their own―makes intuitive sense, it may not be the best way to promote learning. Rather, it s better to let the learners wrestle Pains do not necessarily lead to gains.

　　B) What is learned is rarely applicable in life.

　　C) Failure more often than not breeds success.

　　D) The more is taught, the less is learnt.

　　ANSWER 答案

　　57. What does Kapur disapprove of in teaching?

　　A) Asking students to find and solve problems on their own.

　　B) Developing students ability to apply what they learn.

　　C) Giving students detailed guidance and instruction.

　　D) Allowing students a free hand in problem solving.

　　ANSWER 答案

　　58. What do people tend to think of providing strong scaffolding in teaching?

　　A) It will make teaching easier.

　　B) It is a sensible way of teaching.

　　C) It can motivate average students.

　　D) It will enhance students confidence.

　　ANSWER 答案

　　59. What kind of problem should be given to students to solve according to Kapur?

　　A) It should be able to encourage collaborative learning.

　　B) It should be easy enough so as not to frustrate students.

　　C) It should be solvable by average students with ease.

　　D) It should be difficult enough but still within their reach.

　　ANSWER 答案

　　60. What can be expected of this tough-love teaching style ?

　　A) Students will be grateful in the long run.

　　B) Teachers will meet with a lot of resistance.

　　C) Parents will think it too harsh on their kids.

　　D) It may not be able to yield the desired results.

　　ANSWER 答案

　　56.2013年12月英语六级仔细阅读试题解析：事实细节题。由题干中的call, learning和paradox定位到首段。文章第一段提到，在试图学习新信息时.努力挣扎甚至失败越多，日后就越有可能回忆起并应用这些信息。由此可知，失败通常会孕育成功,故答案为C)。

　　57.2013年12月英语六级仔细阅读试题解析：细节推断题。由题干中的Kapur和teaching定位到文章第二段第二句。细节推断题。定位句提到,Kapur指出，很 多老师向夢生I井述新知识时,最开始都会给予学生大量的周密安排和指导直到学生能独立完成。虽然这种模式从廣观上看似乎有道理,但并不是促进学习最好的方式。由此可知，Kapur不赞成给予学生详细的指导,故答案为C)。

　　58.2013年12月英语六级仔细阅读试题解析：细节推断题。由题干中的strong scaffolding 定位到第三段前两句和第二段第二句。第三段前两句指出，老师为第一组学生提供了强有力的 支架 教学支持和反馈。这些学生在老师的帮助下都能够找到他们问题的答案。同时根据第二段第二句可知.很多老师向学生讲述新知识时.最开始都会给予学生大量的周密安排和指导，直到学生能独立 完成,这种模式从直观上看似乎有道理，由此可知,第二段第二句提到的这种教学方法即为 支架式教学 ，大多数人认为这是一种合理的教学方式,故答案为B) 。

　　59.2013年12月英语六级仔细阅读试题解析：事实细节题。由题干中的 problem, given to students. solve和Kapur定位到第五段第五句。定位句指出，首先,选择解决那些 既有挑战性，又不会令人沮丧 的问题。由此可知，Kapur认为应选择那些足够难,但却在学生能力范围内的问题,故答案为D)。

　　60.2013年12月英语六级仔细阅读试题解析：细节推断题。由题干中的this tough-love teaching style定位到第五段最后一句。定位句指出.给那些抗议这种恩威并施的教学方式的学习者一句话:你们以 后会感谢我的。由此可知，从长远来看,学生会感激这种恩威并施的教学方式,故答案为A)。

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

　　Vernon Bowman, a 75-year-old farmer from rural Indiana, did something that got him sued. He planted soybeans of those seeds.

　　Have we really gotten to the point that planting a seed can lead to a high-stakes Supreme Court patent lawsuit? We have, and that case is Bowman vs. Monsanto, which is being argued on Tuesday. Monsanto s critics have attacked the company for its merciless legal battles against small farmers, and they are hoping this will be the case that puts it in its place. They are also hoping the court s ruling will rein in patent law, which is increasingly being used to claim new life forms as private property.

　　Monsanto and its supporters, not surprisingly, see the case very differently. They argue that when a company like Monsanto goes to great expense to create a valuable new genetically modified seed, it must be able to protect its property interests. If farmers like Bowman are able to use these seeds without paying the designated fee, it will remove the incentives for companies like Monsanto to innovate.

　　Monsanto accused Bowman of patent infringement and won an $84,456 damage award. Rather than pay up or work out a settlement, Bowman decided to appeal all the way to the Supreme Court. He said Monsanto should not be able, just because they ve got billions of dollars to spend on legal fees, to try to terrify farmers into obeying their agreements by massive force and threats.

　　The central issue in the case is whether patent rights to living things extend to the progeny of those things. Monsanto argues that its patents extend to later generations. But Bowmans supporters argue that Monsanto is trying to expand the scope of patents in ways that would enrich big corporations and hurt small farmers. They say that if Monsanto wins, the impact will extend far beyond agriculture―locking up property rights in an array of important areas. Knowledge Ecology International contends that the Supreme Court s ruling could have profound effects on other biotech industries.

　　If this were a Hollywood movie, the courageous old Indiana farmer would beat the profit-minded corporation before the credits rolled. But this is a real-life argument before a Supreme Court that has a well-earned reputation for looking out for the interests of large corporations. This case gives the court an opportunity to rein in the growing use of patents to protect genetically engineered crops and other life forms―but the court may well use it to give this trend a powerful new endorsement.

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答

　　61. Why did Vernon Bowman get sued?

　　A) He used genetically modified seeds to feed his cattle.

　　B) He planted soybeans without paying for the patent.

　　C) He made a profit out of Monsanto s commercial secrets.

　　D) He obtained Monsanto s patented seeds by illegal means.

　　ANSWER 答案

　　62. What are Monsanto s critics hoping the Supreme Court will do?

　　A) Allow small farmers to grow genetically modified soybeans.

　　B) Punish Monsanto for infringing on small farmers interests.

　　C) Rule against Monsanto s excessive extension of its patent rights.

　　D) Abolish the patent law concerning genetically engineered seeds.

　　ANSWER 答案

　　63. What is the argument of Monsanto and its supporters?

　　A) Patent rights should be protected to encourage innovation.

　　B) Bowman cannot plant the seeds without Monsantos consent.

　　C) Monsanto has the right to recover the costs of its patented seeds.

　　D) Patent law on genetically modified seeds should not be challenged.

　　ANSWER 答案

　　64. What is the key issue in the Bowman vs. Monsanto case?

　　A) Whether patent for seeds is harmful to agricultural production.

　　B) Whether the biotech industry should take priority over agriculture.

　　C) Whether measures should be introduced to protect small farmers.

　　D) Whether patent for living things applies to their later generations.

　　ANSWER 答案

　　65. What do we learn from the last paragraph?

　　A) Hollywood movies usually have an unexpected, dramatic impact on real-life arguments.

　　B) The Supreme Court will try to change its reputation for supporting large corporations.

　　C) The Supreme Court is likely to persuade the parties concerned to work out a settlement.

　　D) The ruling would be in Bowman s favor if the case were argued in a Hollywood movie.

　　ANSWER 答案

　　61.2013年12月英语六级仔细阅读试题解析：推理判断题。由题干中的Vernon Bowman定位到文章首段。定位段指出Bowman因种植了作为牛伺料出售的大豆，遭到孟山都公司的起诉。该公司坚持认为其拥有Bowman使用的转基因种子的专利。由此推断,Bowman被起诉的 原因是他没有付专利费就种植了大豆,故答案为B)。

　　62.2013年12月英语六级仔细阅读试题解析：推理判断题。由题干中的Monsanto s critics定位到文章第二段第三句。定位句指出，孟山都公司的批评者拝击该公司 对小农户采取无情的法律斗争 ,他们希望这个案件可以使其安分守己。他们还希望法院的裁决可以严加控制专利法，目前越 来越多的人利用专利法将新的生命形态私有化。由此可见,他们希望最高法院控制孟山都不断扩张的专利权范围,故答案为C)。

　　63.2013年12月英语六级仔细阅读试题解析：事实细节题。由题干中的Monsanto and its supporters 定位到文章第三段第一句和第三句。定位句指出，孟山都公司及其支持者认为，如果像Bowman这样的农场主都能够无需支付指定的费用就使用这些种子,这将使像孟山都这样的公司失去创新的动力。由此可知,孟山都公司及其支持者认为专利权应该得到保护,以此来激励创新,故答案为A)。

　　64.2013年12月英语六级仔细阅读试题解析：事实细节题。由题干中的issue和Bowman vs. Monsanto case定位到文章第五段第一句。定位句指出，该案件的核心 问题是对某生物的专利权是否可以沿用到其后代上,故答案为D)。

　　65.2013年12月英语六级仔细阅读试题解析：推理判断题。由题干可定位到文章最后一段。定位段第一句指出，如果这 是一部好莱呜电影，勇敢的印第安纳州老农一定会在影片演员名单出现前,就把这个唯利是图的公司打倒了。由此可知，如果这场官司是在好莱坞电影中，判决一定对Bowman有利，故答案为D)。