英语六级改革后新题型样题及答案：阅读

　　Section A

　　Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks,You are required to select One word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.

　　Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bamk is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on　Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

　　For investors who desire low risk and guaranteed income,U.S. Government bonds are a secure investment because these bonds have the financial backing and full faith and credit of the federal government.Municipal bonds,also secure,are offered by local governmengts and often have____36______such as tax-free interest.Some may even be ____37______.Corportate bonds are a bit more risky.

　　Two questions often_____38_____first-time corportate bond investors.The first isIf I purchase a corportate bond,do I have to hold it until the matueity date?The answer is no.Bonds are bought and sold daily on ____39_____securities exchanges.However,if your bond does not have____40_____ that make it attractive to other investors, you may be forced to sell your bond at a____41____i.e., a price less than the bonds face value. But if your bond is highly valued by other investors, you may be able to sell it at a premium, i.e., a price above its face value. Bond prices gcncrally____42____ inversely with current market interest rates. As interest rates go up, bond pnccs tall, and vice versa .Thus, like all investments，bonds have a degree of risk.

　　The second question is How can I ___43_______ the investment risk of a particular bond issue? Standard Poors and Moodys Investors Service rate the level of risk of many corporate and government bonds. And ____44______, the higher the market risk of a bond，the higher the interest rate. Investors will invest in a bond considered risky only if the _____45_____return is high enough.

　　注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　A) advantages　I) fluctuate

　　B) assess　J) indefinite

　　C) bother K) insured

　　D) conserved　L) major

　　E) deduction　M) naturally

　　F) discount　N) potential

　　G) embarrass　0) simultaneously

　　H) features

　　参考答案

　　36. N) spoiling

　　本空与前面的spend构成spend time doing的搭配，需要动词ing形式。备选的有illustrating和spoiling，能与空后的grandkids构成合理搭配的明显只有spoiling，意为花更多时间去宠孙子。

　　37. K) radically

　　本空所在句不缺主干成分，且本空是修饰different ideas，因此需要副词。备选的有mysteriously、radically和separately。能与 different ideas构成合理搭配的只有radically，这里做程度副词，表示丈夫与妻子有着根本上不同的观点。

　　38. C) disagree

　　本空为从句中的谓语，因此缺少动词，由于从句主语为复数couples，因此需要动词原形或过去式;且要考虑与空后的on构成搭配，应为不及物动词。备选的有assume、disagree、observe和underestimate。其中不及物且与on能构成搭配的只有disagree。另外，第一段段末提到的丈夫与妻子有着根本上不同的观点也提示了这里所描述的现象应当是夫妻们不同意彼此的意见。

　　39. O) underestimate

　　本空为该句谓语，且与之并列的前半句使用的是一般现在时，因此需要动词原形，备选的有assume、observe和 underestimate。能够与空后的age构成合理搭配的只有underestimate，意为丈夫们低估了妻子退休时的年龄。另外，前半句与该句构成转折，而前半句提到的是妻子一般能正确判断丈夫的退休年龄，可知该句应描述的是丈夫不了解妻子的退休年龄。

　　40. I) optimistic

　　本空为表语，且被副词slightly修饰，空气还有more，提示了应为形容词。备选的又confidential、 forthcoming和optimistic。注意本空形容的是空后的standard of living，能构成合理意思的只有optimistic，意为丈夫比妻子对于生活标准要略微乐观一些。

　　41. M) separately

　　本空与together构成并列，因此应该与together词性一致，为副词。备选的有mysteriously和 separately。能与together意思上构成并列的只有separately，表示正好相反的状态，被or串联，构成选择型的并列。

　　42. A) assume

　　本空为该句谓语，且并列的后半句用的是一般现在时，而本句主语为复数they，因此本空需要动词原形。备选的有assume和observe。能在这里构成合理意思的只有assume，意为他们以为他们意见一致。

　　43. L) reality

　　空前的the提示了本空需要名词，空后的is提示了本空需要可数名词单数或不可数名词。备选的有formula、 package和reality。这里能构成合理意思的只有reality，意为但现实是他们甚至都没有谈论这个话题。注意前半句的 assume暗示了前半句是夫妻们自以为的现象、也就是假象，这也暗示43空所在的转折之后的后半句描述的才是真相。

　　44. E) forthcoming

　　本空是在形容retirement date，需要形容词。备选的有confidential和forthcoming。能构成合理意思的只有 forthcoming，意为常常是马上就要来临的退休日成为了退休规划的催化剂，即人们只有接近退休的时候才会被迫开始做规划。

　　45. J) package

　　空前的an后面需要可数名词单数，但early-retirement并非可数名词单数，因此本空才应当是被an限定的可数名词单数。备选的有 formula和package。这里意思更合理的是package，这个词可以表示一揽子计划，early- retirement package意为提前退休计划。

　　Section B

　　Directions::In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statments attached to it.each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.identify the paragraph from weich the information is derived.you may choose a parpgraph more than once.each paragraph is marked with a letter.answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2.

　　lessons from a Feminist Paradise

　　On the surface,Sweden appears to be a feminist paradise.Look at any global survey of gender equality and Sweden will be near the top.Family-friendly policies are its norm-with 16 months of paid parental leave,special protections for part-time workers,and state-subsidized preschools where,according to a government website,gender-awareness education is increasingly common.due to an unfficial quota system,women hold 45 percent of positions in the swedish parliament.they have enjoyed the protection of government agencies with titles like the Ministry of Integration and Gender Equality and the Secretariat of Gender Research.So why are American women so far ahead of their Swedish counterparts in breaking through the glass ceiling?

　　in a 2012 report,the World Economic Forum found that when it comes to closing the gender gap ineconmic participation and opportunity,the United States is ahead of not only Sweden but also Finland,Denmark,the Netherlands,Iceland,Germany,and the United Kingdom.Swedens rank in the report can largely be explained by its political quota system.Though the United States has fewer women in the workorce.American women who choose to be employed are far more likely to work full-time and to hold high-level jobs as manangers or professionals.They also own more businesses,lauch more start-ups,and more often work in traditionally male fields.As for breaking through the glass ceiling in business,American women are well in the lead.

　　what explains the American advantage?How can it be that societies like Sweden,where gender equality is vigorously pusued and engorced,have fewer female managers,executives,professionals,and business owners than eh laissez-faireunited states?A new study by clrnell economists Francine Blau and Lawrence Kahn gives an explanation.

　　Generous parental leave policies and readily available part-time options have unintended consequences:instead of strengthening womens attachment to the workplace,they appear to weaken it.In addition to a 16-month leave,a swedish parent has the right to work six hours a day until his or her child is eight years old.Mothers are far more likely than fathers to take advantage of this law,But extended leaves and part-time employment are known to be harmful to careersfor both genders. And with women a second factor comes into play:most seem to enjoy the flexible-time arrangementand never find their way back to full-time or high-level employment.In sum:generous family-friendly policies do keep more women in the labor market,but they also tend to diminisb their careers.

　　 According to Blau and Kahn,Swedish-style paternalleave policies and flexibletime arrangements pose a second threat to womans progress:they make employers cautious about hiring woman for full-time positions at all.Offering ajob to a man is the safer bet.He is far less likely to take a year of parental leave and then return on a reduced work schedule for the next eight years.

　　I became aware of the triale of career-focused European woman a few years ago when I met a post-doctoral student from Germany who was then a visiting fellow at Johns Hopkins. She was astonished by the professional possibilities afforded to young American woman. Her best hope in Germany was a govermment jobprospects for woman in the private sector were dim.In Germany she told me,we have all the benefits,but employers dont wan to hire us.

　　 Swedish economists Magnus Henrekson and Mikael Stenkula addressed the following question in their 2009 study:why are there so few female top executives in the European egalitarianwelfare states?Their answer:Broad-based welfare-state policies hinder womens representation in elite competitive positions.

　　 It is tempting to declare the Swedish policies regressiveand hail the American system as superior.But that would be shortsighted.The Swedes can certainly take a lesson from the United States and look for ways to clear a path for their ambitious female careerists. But most woman are not committsd careerists.When the Pew Research Center recently asked American parents to identify theirideallife arrangement,47 percent of mothers said they would prefer to work park-time and 20percent said they would prefer not to work at all.Fathers answered differrntly:75 percent preferred full-time work.Some version of the Swedish system might work well for a majority of American parents,but the United States is unlikely to fully embrace the Swedish model. Still,we can learn from their experience.

　　 Despite its failure to shatter the glass ceiling,Sweden has one of the most powerful and innovative economies in the world.In its 2011-2012survey,the World Economic Forum ranked Sweden as the rockstar of the recoveryin the Washington Post,also leads the world in life satisfaction and happiness. It is a society well worth studying,and its efforts to conquer the gender gap impart a vital lessonthough not the lesson the Swedes had in mind。

　　 Sweden has gone farther than any other nation on earth to integrate the sexes and to offer women the same opportunities and freedoms as men.For decades,these descendants of the Vikings have been trying to show the world that the right mix of enlinghtened policy.consciousness raising, and non-sexist child rearingwould close the gender divide once and for all.Yet the divide persists.

　　 A 2012 press release from Statistics Sweden bears the title Gender Equality in Sweden TreadingWater and notes:

　　1、The total income from employment for all ages is lower for women than for men.

　　2、One in three employed women and one in ten employed men work part-time.

　　3、Womens working time is influenced by the number and age of theirchildren, but mens working time is not affected by these factors.

　　4、Of all employees，only 13 percent of the women and 12 percent of the men have occupations with an even distribution of the sexes.

　　 Confronted with such facts, some Swedish activists and legislators are demanding more ex-treme and far-reaching measures, such as replacing male and female pronouns with a neutral alternative and monitoring children more closely to correct them when they gravitahta toward gendered play. When it came to light last year that mothers, far more than fathers, chose to stay home from work to care for their sick kids. Ulf Kristersson. minister of social security, quickly commissioned a study to determine the causcs of and possiiblce cures for this disturbing stale of affairs.

　　Swcdish family policies, by accommodating womens preferences efleetively, are reduting the number of women in elite competitive positions. The Swedes will find this paradoxical and try to find solutions. Let us hope these do not include banning gender pronouns, policing childrens play, implementing more gender quotas, or treating womens special attachment to home and family as a social injustice. Most mothers do not aspire to elite, competitive full-time positions: the Swedish policies have given them the freedom and opportunity to live the lives they prefer. Americans should look past the gender rhetoric and consider what these Scandina-vians have achieved. On their way to creating a feminist paradise, the Swedes have uninten-tionally created a haven for normal mortals.

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　46.Sweden has done more than other nations to close the gender gap. but it conimucs 10 exist.

　　47.Sweden is one of the most competitive economics life satisfaction.

　　48. More American women hold elite job positions in business than Swedish women.

　　49. Swedish family-friendly policies tend to exert a negative influence on womens careers.

　　50.The quota system in Sweden ensures womens better representation in government.

　　51.Though the Swedish model appears workable for most American parents, it may not be accepted by them in its entirety.

　　52.Swedish women are allowed the freedom and opportunity to choose their own way of life.

　　53.Swedish employers are hesitant about hiring women for full-time positions because of the family-friendly policies.

　　54.Gender-awareness education is becoming more and more popular in state-subsidized preschools in Sweden.

　　55.Some lawmakers in Sweden propose that genderless pronouns be used in the Swedish language.

　　参考答案

　　46. Sweden has done more than other nations to close the gender gap, but it continues to exist.

　　答案J。

　　解析：has done more than other nations对应第一句has gone farther than any other nation, close the gender gap对应倒数第二句close the gender divide，it continues to exist对应最后一句the divide persists

　　47. Sweden is one of the most competitive economies in the world and its people enjoy the greatest life satisfaction.

　　答案I。

　　解析： one of the most competitive economies in the world对应第二句 the worlds third most competitive economy， enjoy the greatest life satisfaction对应第三句 also leads the world in life satisfaction and happiness

　　48. More American women hold elite job positions in business than Swedish women.

　　答案M。

　　解析： elite job positions 对应第一句elite competitive positions， More Americanthan Swedish women对应第一句瑞士的政策正在reducing the number of women in elite positions,结合后文提到美国的情况，得出更多美国女性拥有高级职位。

　　49. Swedish family-friendly policies tend to exert a negative influence on womens career.

　　答案D。

　　解析： Swedish family-friendly policies对应第一句Generous parental leave policies and readily available part-time options，a negative influence指的就是第二句提到的they appear to weaken it，这里的it指的是前文提到的womens attachment to the workplace 。

　　50. The quota system in Sweden ensures womens better representation in government.

　　答案A。

　　解析： The quota system in Sweden对应第四句an unofficial quota system，representation in government 对应后来提到的45 percent of positions in the Swedish parliament 。

　　51. Though the Swedish model appears workable for most American parents, it may not be accepted by them in its entirely.

　　答案H。

　　解析：the Swedish model appears workable for most American parents对应倒数第二句Swedish system might work well for a majority of American parents，may not be accepted by them in its entirely对应最后一句unlikely to fully embrace the Swedish model。

　　52. Swedish women are allowed the freedom and opportunity to choose their own way of life.

　　答案M。

　　解析：瑞典的女性有更多自由和机会来选择想要的生活。该句直接对应M段倒数第3句话： the Swedish policies have given them the freedom and opportunity to live the lives they prefer.

　　53. Swedish employers are hesitant about hiring women for full-time positions because of the family-friendly policies.

　　答案E。

　　解析：因为家庭友好型政策，瑞典的雇主们在雇佣全职女性时会有顾虑。对应E段第一句话， they make employers wary of hiring women for full-time positions at all.句中 they 指的就是family-friendly policies，而be hesitant about是对be wary of的改写。

　　54. Gender-awareness education is becoming more and more popular in state-subsidized preschools in Sweden.

　　答案A。

　　解析：根据 Gender-awareness education对应到A段第3句话：state-subsidized preschools where, gender-awareness education is increasingly common. 而 more and more popular就是对 increasingly common的改写。

　　55. Some lawmakers in Sweden propose the genderless pronouns be used in the Swedish language.

　　答案L。

　　解析：根据lawmakers对应到L段第一句legislators，the genderless pronouns 对应 replacing male and female pronouns with a neutral alternative。

　　Section C

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A). B). C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

　　Texting has long been bemoaned as the downfall of the written word,penmanship for illiter,as one critic called it. To which the proper response is LOL.

　　Texting properly isnt writing at all. Its a spoken language that is getting richer and more complex by the year.

　　First,some historical perspective. Writing was only invented 5,500 years ago. whereas Ianguage probably traces back at least 80.000 years. Thus talking came first; writing is just a craft that came along later. As such, the first writing was based on the way people talk，with short sentences.

　　However, while talking is largely subconscious and rapid, writing is deliberate and slow, Over time,writers took advantage of this and started cratting long-winded sentences such as this one:The whole engagement lasted above 12 hours, till the gradual retreat of the Per trsians was changed into a disorderly flight, of which the shameful example was given by the principal leaders and

　　No one talks like that casually or should. But it is natural to desire to do so for special occasions. In the old days, we didnt much write like talking because there was no mechanism to reproduce the speed of conversation. But texting and instant messaging do and a revolution has begun. It involves the crude mechanics of writing, but in its economy, spontaneity and even vulgaritv. texting is actually a new kind of talking, with its own kind of grammar and conventions.

　　Take LOL. It doesnt actually mean laughing out loud in a literal sense anymore. LOL has evolved into something much subtler and sophisticated and is used even when nothing is remotely amusing. Jocelyn texts Where have you been? and Annabelle texts back ，LOL at the library studying for two hours. LOL signals basic empath)between tcxters. easing tension and creating a sense of equality. Instead of having a literal meaning, it docs something - conveying an attitude just like the -cd ending conveys past tense rather than meaning.，anything. LOL. of all things, is grammar.

　　Of course no one thinks about that consciously. But then most of communication operates without being noticed. Over time, the meaning of a word or an expression drifts meat used to mean any kind of food, silly used to mean, believe it or not，blessed.

　　Civilization, then，is fine 一 people banging away on their smartphones are fluently using a code separate from the one they use in actual writing, and there is no evidence that texting is ruining composition skills. Worldwide people speak differently from the w ay they write, and texting -quick, casual and only intended to be read once is actually a way of talking with your fingers.

　　56. What do critics say about texting?

　　A) It is mainly confined to youngsters

　　B) It competes with traditional writing.

　　C) It will ruin the wnttcn language.

　　D) It is often hard to understand.

　　57. In what way does the author say writing is different from talking?

　　A) It is crafted with specific skills.

　　C) It does not have as long a history.

　　B) It expresses ideas more accuratcly.

　　D) It is not as easy to comprehend.

　　58. Why is LOL much used in tcxting?

　　A) It brings textcrs closer to each other.

　　B) It shows the tcxtcrs sophistication.

　　C) It is a trendy way to communicate

　　D) It adds to the humor of the text

　　59. Examples like meat and silly are cited to show

　　A) the difTerencc between writing and talking

　　B) how difTercntly words are used in tcxting

　　C) why people use the words the way they do

　　D) the gradual change of word meaning

　　60.what does the author think of texting?

　　A)It facilitates exchange of ideas among people.

　　B)It is a new form of verbal communication.

　　C)It deteriorates pelples composition skills.

　　D)It hastens the decline of the written word.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 61to 65are based on the following passage.

　　its possible to admire oprah winfrey and still wish Harvard hadnt awarded her an honorary doctor of law degree and the commencementspeaker spot at yesterdays graduation.Theres no question Oprahs achievements place her in the temple of American success stories. Talent,charm,and an exceptional work ethic have rarely hurled anyone of worlds most successful entertainment icons and the first African-American female billionaire.

　　Honorary degrees are often conferred on non-academic leaders in the arts,business,and politics.Harvards list in recent years has included Kofi fi Annan,Bill Gates,Meryl Streep,and David Souter.But Oprahs list in recent years has included Kofi Annan,Bill Gates,Mery1 Streep,and david souter.But Oprahs particular brand of celebrity is not a good fit for the values of a university whose motto,Veritas,means truth.Oprahs passionate advocacy extends,unfortunately,to a hearty embrace of fake science.Most notoriously,Oprahs validation of jenny McCarthys claim that vaccines cause autismhas no doubt contributed to much harm through the foolish avoidance of vaccines.

　　Famous people arc entitled to a few failings, like the rest of us. and the choice of commencement speakers often reflects a balance of insututional pnonties and aspirations. Judging from our conversations with many students. Oprah was a widely popular choice.

　　But this vote of confidence in Oprah sends a troubling message at precisely the time when American univereities need to do more to advance the cause of reason. As former Dean of Harvard College. Harry Lewis, noted in a blog post about his objections. It seems vcrv odd for Harvard to honor such a high profile popularizer of the irrational at a time when political and religious nonsense so jeopardize the rule of reason in this allegedly enlightened democracy and around the world.

　　As Americas oldest and most visible university. Harvard has a spccial opportunity to convey its respcct for science not only through its research and teaching programs but also in its public affirmation of evidence-based inquiry.

　　Unfortunately，many American universities seem awfully busy protecting their brand name and not nearly busy enough protecting the pursuit of knowledge. A recent article in The Harvard Crimson noted the shocking growth of Harvards public relations arm in the last five years and it questioned whether a focus on risk management and avoiding controversywas really the best outward-looking face of this great institution.

　　As American research universities begin to resemble profit centers and entertainment complexes, its easy to lose sight of their primary mission; to produce and spread knowledge.This mission depends on traditions of rational discourse and vigorous defense of the scientific method.Oprah Winfreys honoray doctorate was a step in the wrong direction.

　　61.what do we learn about Oprah Winfrey from the passage?

　　A)She was a distinguished graduate of H arvard School of LaW.

　　B)She worked her way to success in the entertainment industry.

　　C)She used to abuse her children when she was a young mother.

　　D)She achieved her fame through persistent advocacy of fake science.

　　62.Why does the author deem it inappropriate for Harvard to confer an honorary degree on Oprah winfrey?

　　A) She did not specialize in the study of law.

　　B)She was known as a supporter of fake science.

　　C)She was an icon of the entertainment industry

　　D)She had not distinguished herself academically.

　　63.How did Harry Lewis react to Harvards decision in his blong post ?

　　A)He was strongly against it.

　　B)He considered it unpopular.

　　C)He thought it would help enhance Harvards reputation.

　　D)He thought it represented the will of the Harvard community.

　　64.What is the authors regret about many American universities?

　　A)They show inadequate respect for evidence-based inquiry

　　B)They fall short of expectations in teaching and research

　　C)They attach too much importance to public relations

　　D)They are tolerant of political and religious nonsense

　　65.What does the author think a prestigious university like H arvard should focus on?

　　A)Cultivation of student creativity

　　B)Liberation of the human mind

　　C)Liberation of the human mind

　　D)Pursuit of knowledge and truth

　　参考答案

　　56. C. It will ruin the written language.

　　解析：题干问到批评者对短消息的评价，这出现在首段首句。这里批评者哀叹短消息是downfall of the written word。downfall对应ruin，written word对应written language。

　　57. A. It is crafted with specific skills.

　　解析：题干所问的书面语与口语的区别出现在第二段。本段，作者用两者历史长短的差异引出了两者特点的差异：书面语是出现在口语之后的一种工艺 。下文具体举例，体现了书面语突出句子的技术性。这都对应A选项。C选项所说的书面语历史不如口语久在本段有提及，但并非是作者强调的两者的区别。其它选项未提及。

　　58. A. It brings texters closer to each other.

　　解析：题干问到LOL在短信中的功能，出现在第四段。该段开头指出LOL并不是简单的字面意思，而是演变为了更微妙、复杂的含义。我该段中间进一步举例指出，LOL可以消除对话双方的紧张、创造公平感。这即被改写为brings texters closer。

　　59. D. the gradual change of word meaning

　　解析：题干问到meat和silly的例子被引用是为了说明什么。文中meat和silly出现在第五段末的破折号后，而破折号前即是这两个词作为例子要论证的观点：词与表达的意思会随着时间变化。这对应的即是D选项。

　　60. B. It is a new form of verbal communication.

　　解析：本题所问的作者对短信息的观点集中出现在末段。末段首句作者提出发短信并不会导致写作技能的衰退。第二句提到发短信事实上是一种用手指说话的方式，这对应的就是B选项的意思。

　　61. B. She worked her way to success in the entertainment industry.

　　解析：文章首段介绍了关于Oprah Winfrey的信息。首段末提到她为one of the worlds most successful entertainment icons，这对应的就是B选项。其它几个选项，A称其为哈佛大学法学院的著名毕业生，但首段首句明确提出哈佛只是给她办法荣誉博士学位，可知她本人并非哈佛毕业。C说她曾虐待自己的小孩，但首段末句只是提到她本人曾被虐待、且曾是一位年轻的母亲。D称她通过长期支持伪科学而有名。第二段第四句确实提及Opera支持伪科学理论，但这并非她成名之道;她是由娱乐界的身份而成名的。

　　62. B. She was known as a supporter of fake science.

　　解析：题干问到作者认为哈佛不应该给Oprah颁发荣誉学位的原因，作者在第二段第三句中提到了这个观点。原因出现在第四句，作者提出Oprah一致相当拥护伪科学理论。这对应的即是B选项。

　　63. A. He was strongly against it.

　　解析：题干问到的Harry Lewis在Blog spot中对哈佛行为的评价出现在文章第四段第二句，这里明确说道Harry表示了他对此行为的反对，并举他具体的话强调了他认为哈佛决定的不妥以及不合时宜。这对应的是A选项。其它选项都无法体现Harry的强烈负面态度。

　　64. A. They show inadequate respect for evidence-based inquiry.

　　解析：题干问到作者对许多美国大学的遗憾，这直接对应第六段段首的unfortunately，其后面的内容应该就是令作者感到遗憾的事。这里作者提到许多美国大学只忙于维护品牌，对追求知识的保护则不足够。这里的not enough即对应inadequate。考虑到上段末作者曾提到哈佛这类大学应该要公开肯定基于证据的质询，而affirmation对应respect。结合上述信息与本段首的unfortunately，可知这里作者想表达的也就应该是这些大学对于evidence-based inquiry的肯定做得不够。

　　65. D. Pursuit of knowledge and truth.

　　解析：题干问到作者认为像哈佛这种著名大学应该关注的方面是什么，这对应末段首句作者提到的primary mission，因此这里提到的produce and spread knowledge即应该是正确答案信息，对应的也只有D 选项。