The Microscopic Technique
Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspectives on the function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself. The invention of the visible light microscope late in the sixteenth century introduced a previously unknown realm of single celled plants and animals. In the twentieth century, electron microscopes have provided direct views of viruses and minuscule surface structures. Now another type of microscope, one that utilizes x rays rather than light or electrons, offers a different way of examining tiny details; it should extend human perception still farther into the natural world. The dream of building an x ray microscope dates to back 1895; its development, however was virtually halted in the 1940s because the development of the electron microscope was progressing rapidly. During the 1940s, electron microscopes routinely achieved resolution better than that poss ible with a visible light microscope, while the performance of x ray microscopes resisted improvement. In recent years, however, interest in x ray microscopes has revived, largely because of advances such as the developmen t of new sources of x ray illumination. As a result, the brightness available today is millions of times tha t of x ray tubes, which, for most of the century, were the only available sources of soft x rays.The new x ray microscopes considerably improve on the resolution provided by optical microscopes. They can also be used to map the distribution of certain chemical elements. Some can form pictures in extremely short times; others hold the promise of special capabilities such as three dimensional imaging. Unlike conventional electron microscope, x ray microscope enables specimens to be kept in air and in water, which means that biological samples can be studied under conditions similar to their natural state. The illumination used, so called soft x rays in the wavelength range of twenty to forty angstroms , is also sufficiently penetrating to image intact biological cells in ma ny cases. Because of the wavelength of the x rays used, soft x ray microscopes will never match the highest resolution possible with electron microscopes. Rather, their special properties will make possible investigations that will complement those performed with light and electron based instruments.
英语六级作文真题-互联网对人际沟通的影响
英语六级作文真题-考证热
英语六级作文万能模板(5)
大学英语六级写作模板——提纲式作文
英语六级写作优秀范文推荐-科技的双面性
英语六级写作优秀范文推荐-网络的利弊
英语六级最后提分:万能模板大全(17)
英语六级写作优秀范文推荐-反盗窃
大学英语六级写作经验谈
英语六级作文真题-名字的重要性
六级常考作文类型
英语六级最后提分:万能模板大全(2)
英语六级作文真题-成功之路
英语六级14分作文范文批改1
英语六级最后提分:万能模板大全(14)
英语六级写作优秀范文推荐-私家车
英语六级作文预测及范文:大学生参加选秀节目
英语六级作文万能句型(4)
英语六级5分作文范文批改1
英语六级考试写作真题-心理健康
英语六级写作万能句型(9)
英语六级最后提分:万能模板大全(6)
六级模考作文思路详解
英语六级作文万能模板(4)
英语六级作文万能模板(6)
英语六级最后提分:万能模板大全(13)
英语六级最后提分:万能模板大全(5)
六级作文真题-电子书会取代传统书吗
英语六级最后提分:万能模板大全(8)
六级作文必背加分句型
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |