Passage 3
Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault (断层), which constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earthquakes. But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri?
Between December of 1811 and February of 1812, three major earthquakes occurred, all centered around the town of New Madrid, Missouri, on the Mississippi River. Property damage was severe. Buildings in the area were almost destroyed. Whole forests fell at once, and huge cracks opened in the ground, allowing smell of sulfur(硫磺)to filter upward.
The Mississippi River itself completely changed character, developing sudden rapids and whirlpools. Several times it changed its course, and once, according to some observers, it actually appeared to run backwards.Few people were killed in the New Marid earthquakes, probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811; but the severity of the earthquakes are shown by the fact that the shock waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston, South Carolina, on the coast. Buildings shook in New York City, and clocks wer stopped in Washington, D.C. Scientists now know that Americas two major faults are essentially different. The San Andreas is a horizontal boundary between two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions. California earthquakes result when the movement of these two masses suddenly lurches (倾斜) forward.
The New Madrid fault, on the other hand, is a vertical fault; at some points, possibly hundreds of millions of years ago, rock was pushed up toward the surface, probably by volcanoes under the surface. Suddenly, the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed, leaving huge cracks. Even now, the rock continues to settle downwards, and sudden sinking motions trigger (触发) earthquakes in the region. The fault itself, a large crack in this layer of rock, with dozens of other cracks that split off from it, extends from northeastArkansas through Missouri and into southern lllinois.
Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since 1811; these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming, but the scientists say have no method of predictingwhen a large earthquake will occur.
11. This passage is mainly about .
A)the New Madrid fault in Missouri
B)the San Andreas and the New Madrid faults
C)the causes of faults
D)current scientific knowledge about faults
12. The New Madrid fault is .
A) a horizontal fault
B) a vertical fault
C) a more serious fault than the San Andreas fault
D) responsible for forming the Mississippi River
13. We may conclude from the passage that .
A) it is probably as dangerous to live in Missouri as in California
B) the New Madrid fault will eventually develop a mountain range in Missouri
C) California will become an island in future
D) A big earthquake will occur to California soon
14. This passage implies that .
A) horizontal faults are more dangerous than vertical faults.
B) Vertical faults are more dangerous than horizontal faults
C) Earthquakes occur only around fault areas
D) California will break into pieces by an eventual earthquake
15. As used in the first sentence of the fourth paragraph, the word essentially means .
A) greatly
C) basically
B) extremely
D) necessarily
2012年上海市松江区中考英语二模试题及答案
小学五年级英语下册unit3 Hobbies课件4
2012年上海市普陀区中考英语二模试题及答案
牛津版小学英语六年级上册 Unit 5课件 A部分
牛津版小学英语六年级上册 Unit3 课件
六年级英语课件what’s the matter Mike
人教版六年级英语下册Unit5 What Does She Do B Let's learn课件
牛津版六年级英语unit3 Asking the way第一课时课件
小学英语六年级下册期末语法复习课件
新目标七年级英语上册第六单元课件
人教版初一英语上册 unit12 period1课件
北师大版七年级英语上册Unit3 Period one公开课课件
牛津版小学英语六年级下册unit1课件第二课时
新目标七年级英语上册Unit3单元课件
小学英语六年级上册A newspaper report课件
牛津小学英语六年级上册 Unit 6 Holidays课件
人教版小学英语六年级上册unit3 part B课件
六年级英语Unit 3 last weekend课件
沪教版牛津小学六年级英语课件6AMy home m2u2_5
人教版六年级英语上册Unit4 I have a pen pal课件
人教新课标小学五年级英语课件 你是怎样传播小道消息的
小学六年级英语下册unit3 Asking the way课件
六年级英语Unit3 what are you going to do课件
2012年盘锦市中考英语模拟试题无答案
沪教版牛津小学六年级英语课件6AMy streetM m2u3_2
牛津版小学英语六年级上册Unit5 课件
2012年上海市金山区中考英语二模试题及答案
2012年张家港市中考英语适应性考试题及答案
牛津小学英语六年级上册 Unit 3 课件
2013届年中考英语模拟试卷(1)
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |