2013年考研英语的阅读理解练习(八)

　　Passage 8

　　Thirty-two people watched kitty Genovese being killed right beneath their windows. She was their neighbor. Yet none of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. Was this in gunman cruelty? Was it lack of feeling about ones fellow man?

　　Not so, say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane. These men went beyond the headlines to probe the reasons why people didnt act. They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency.

　　Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall to the side-walk. Is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma from diabetes? Or is he about to sleep off a drunk?

　　Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak in the air conditioning? Is itsteam pipes? Or is it really smoke from a fire? Its not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency.

　　Second, and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help, or the person wont get the help he needs.

　　The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in to betested. Some came alone. Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups. The receptionist started them off on thetests. Then she went into the next room. A curtain divided thetesting roomand the room into which she went. Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of file cabinets falling and a cry for help. All of this had been pre-recorded on a tape-recorder.

　　Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out of ten helped. Of the students in groups, none helped.

　　In other words, in a group, Americans often fail to act. They feel that others will act. They, themselves, neednt. They do not feel any direct responsibility.

　　Are people bothered by situations where people are in trouble? Yes. Scientists found that the people were emotional, they sweated, they had trembling hands. They felt the other persons trouble. But they did not act. They were in a group. Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they were with.