阅读B段解题策略和备考建议

　　第一节 解题策略和备考建议

　　一.阅读B节大纲样题给我们的启示

　　我们要注意这部分考的是段落的理解，我们要通读全文寻找重复的连接手段，并确定话题词，然后再对选项进行语篇层次的剖析，发掘选项中的重复的话题，然后用选项的话题词来匹配文章段落的话题词，做到对号入座。

　　Directions：

　　In the following article， some sentences have been removed. For Questions l5， choose the most suitable one from the list AG to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

　　Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now. 1)________

　　本段话题：灭绝动物 关键词：extinct

　　Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. The kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate.

　　本段话题：岩石 关键词：rock

　　2)__________________ . Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know nothing.

　　本段话题： 水保存动物化石 关键词：water

　　3)_____________________ There were also crab-like creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had tow pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses .They were usually an inch or tow long but some were 2 feet.

　　本段话题: 像蟹一样的早期海洋动物 关键词：crab-like creatures

　　4)_______________________. Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast.

　　本段话题： 甲壳动物 关键词：ammonites, shell

　　5)______________

　　About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals, though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.

　　本段话题：爬行动物以及哺乳动物 关键词：reptiles, mammals

　　The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.

　　Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils .From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate.

　　The first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, or formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air.

　　The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures. These animals evolved rapidly and spread over large areas of the world.

　　The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forms are more complex, and among these are the sea-lilies, relations of the star- fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.

　　When an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud .More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved.

　　Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form.

　　启发思维：

　　这篇文章讲述的中心是化石，也可说是灭绝动物的尸体。前三段介绍化石如何的形成以及保存化石的条件，在其后的段落中按时间次序介绍了早期海洋动物，爬行动物以及哺乳动物之前的一些物种情况。

　　再读选项，大致确定7个选项的启示是：