四、首段原则
首段原则应用于根据首段内容所设置的题目,它包括两种形式:首句原则和末句原则。
1.首句原则
回顾近几年的考研阅读题,细心的考生会发现历年考研试卷中都有题目针对首段第一句话设问,为什么会出现这种情况?原因很简单,考研阅读所选的文章均是议论文和说明文,此类文章的文体要求在首段提出观点、突出中心,因此第一段就好像全篇文章的一个总纲,确定了文章的主要内容,而第一句话常常是一个自然段的主题句,首段首句自然就成为常考且必考的一个考点。
例
it is said that in england death is pressing, in canada inevitable and in california optional. small wonder. americans life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30_minute surgical procedure. such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when i entered medicine 50 years ago. but not even a great health_care system can cure deathand our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.
what is implied in the first sentence?
americans are better prepared for death than other people.
americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.
americans are over_confident of their medical technology.
americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.
c
2.末句原则
有时一个自然段的主题句也会出现在段末,因此考点也相应转向末句。
例
technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. they dont realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. this is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. the phrasesubstance abuseis often used instead ofdrug abuseto make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.
substance abuseis preferable todrug abusein that.
substance can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used
drug abuseis only related to a limited number or drug takers
alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine
many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous
在语境中考查形容词或副词
形容词与介词的常见惯用搭配
sure与certain的用法区别
多个形容词做定语时的排列顺序
如何理解never…a better的意思
谈变形容词作定语时的位置
angry的介词搭配特点
定语形容词和表语形容词
形容词在句的位置规律
习惯上只用作定语的形容词
形容词和副词的语法特点
形容词absent后接介词说明
等级形容词和非等级形容词的用法特点
worth, worthy, worthwhile用法区别
表示类别和整体的形容词
形容词与副词的比较等级用法注意
形容词作定语的三种情况
“the+形容词”用法小结
never与ever的用法比较
一词多“译”:off
关于“never+比较级”结构
as good as的用法
一词多“译”:down
形容词able的用法说明
兼有两种词形的副词及其用法区别
做好比较级考题的三种思路
一词多“译”:out
认为sure不能以事物名词作主语是误解
习惯上只用作表语的形容词
误用形容词或副词的常用表达
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