逻辑题型及典型问法

　　△加强题(Which one of the following statements, if added as a premise to the argument, would make the conclusion valid / strengthen the argument?; Which one of the following, if true, would make the conclusion in the passage a logical conclusion?; Which one of the following is an additional piece of information that would support the conclusion?) 　　 　　△削弱题(Which one of the following statements, if true, most clearly undermines / seriously weaken the conclusion / argument?; Which one of the following assertions, if true, provides the most effective challenge to the authors conclusion?) 　　 　　△假设题(Which one of the following is an assumption on which the authors argument relies?; Which one of the following most accurately states a hidden assumption that the author must make in order to advance the argument above?; Which one of the following is a presupposition essential to the reasoning in the passage above?) 　　 　　△评价题(Which one of the following is the most accurate evaluation of the authors reply?; Which one of the following principles, if valid, justifies the authors argument?; Which one of the following would it be most helpful to know in order to evaluate the argument?) 　　 　　△解释题(The author concludes that ... partly because...; Which one of the following, if true, argues most strongly against the explanation reported in the passage?; Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why ...?; Which one of the following principles, if established, would justify the judgments about A Bs actions?) 　　 　　△矛盾解决题（也可归类到解释题里）(Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy between the two?; Which one of the following, if true, most helps explain the difference in...?; Which one of the following, if true, most helps to reconcile the authors decision with the goal stated in the passage?) 　　 　　△结论（归纳）题(It can be concluded from the statements above that...; Which one of the following statements most accurately expresses the authors main point?; Which one of the following statements CANNOT be true?; Which one of the following inferences can be most reliably drawn from the passage above?; The passage as a whole is structured to lead to which one of the following conclusions?; Which one of the following is the best statement of the primary point of the passage?; Each of the following can be inferred from his argument EXCEPT...; Which one of the following claims is central to the authors argument?; If the statements above are true, then which one of the following must also be true?) 　　 　　△句子完成（划线填空）题(Which one of the following is the best completion of the argument above?; Based on the passage above, which phrase does NOT provide a logical completion to the following sentence?) 　　 　　△信息支持（反向加强）题(Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the information above?; The statement above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following claim?) 　　 　　△推理缺陷题(What is the flaw in the reasoning above?; The authors argument is logically flawed in that it...; The source of the mans erroneous reasoning is his...; The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to the criticism that it...; ) 　　 　　△逻辑相似性题(Which one of the following is most similar in logic to the argument above?; Which one of the following exhibits the same logical flaw as that exhibited above?; Which one of the following could be best supported by the same type of reasoning as that exhibited in the passage?; Which one of the following contains the error of reasoning described by the author in the passage?; Which one of the following most closely parallels the flawed pattern of reasoning in the authors reply?) 　　 　　△逻辑相悖题(In which one of the following situations is the principle expressed most clearly violated?) 　　 　　△两人争论内容题(The source of A s dispute is their lack of agreement on which one of the following terms?; Which one of the following is the point at issue between A B?) 　　 　　△逻辑策略方法题(Which one of the following is the best line of causal analysis for A to do?; The author establishes his position in the passage by doing which one of the following?; The author of the passage argues by...;The argument seeks to do which one of the following?; A most seriously weakens Bs argument by doing which one of the following?; Which one of the following techniques of argument does the author use in the passage?; As statement most closely conforms to which one of the following principles?; The relationship if As response to Bs argument is that As response...; A responds to Bs argument by...How is As response related to Bs argument?) 　　 　　（注：有些问法可以归为不止一类；一些较冷僻的问法没有列在括号里，但应该不会影响判断。）