一、疑难问题之一
1、关于一个地方的居民承诺捐款:
要求的捐款数¥ 居民人数
100 20
58 30
35 20
10 10
问,要求一个居住区的居民捐款,上表是居民承诺的捐款上限表,问:下列哪个钱,能够保证有半数以上能够捐款。
I.35 II.54 III.21,问哪几个数字符合条件。
解答:
如果设定捐款数是54,那么承诺捐款上限为100的20 个人和上限为58的30个人都会捐款,这样加起来就是50个人,居民总人数是20+30+20+10=80人,所以超过半数。连54都可以,35、21就更可以。 所以应当全选。
2、学生总数240,学SCIENCE的是140,学MATH的170,求LEARN MATH BUT NOT SCIENCE的人数?
1)THERE ARE 55 STUDENTS WHO LEARN SCIENCE BUT NOT MATH
2)30 DIDNT SELECT ANY SUBJECT
这种题有两种解题方法:
1)、画图法
画两个相交的圆A、B。圆A下写学甲科的总数,圆B下写学乙科的总数;两圆相交的部分写两科都学的数量,不相交的部分写各自只学一门的数量。再在外面画一个大方框,是学生总数,圆外方框内是什么都不学的。这样就一目了然了。
2)、概念法
P=P+P-P
以本题为例,至少学一科的=只学甲科+只学乙科-两科都学
全集=A+B-A交B+非A非B
normal distribution下One standard deviation away from the mean的possibility为68%,Two standard deviation away from the mean的possibility为95%,standard deviation = 10。一种cougar的体长呈正态分布,均值60英寸,问体长在70到80英寸之间的概率?
落在平均值标准方差内的概率
possibility =
60-1060-102只落在一边的概率就要除以二,基本上这种题画一条数轴,做几个点会更一目了然一些。
/2 = 13.5
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