新GRE阅读习题

　　1. Drug companies lose money when manufacturing drugs that cure those suffering from rare diseases because selling a drug to only a few people usually does not recoup manufacturing expenses.Therefore，a company manufacturing any of the drugs that cure those suffering from loxemia， an extremely rare disease， will undoubtedly lose money.

　　Which of the following，if true，most seriously weakens the conclusion above?

　　Several drugs that cure those suffering from loxemia also cure those suffering from very common illnesses.

　　Most of those who contract loxemia also con-tract another illness concurrently.

　　Most of the drug companies that manufacture drugs that cure rare diseases do not manufac-ture drugs that cure loxemia.

　　A sizable number of people are afflicted with one or another rare disease even though each rare disease afflicts only a small number of people.

　　The larger the amount of a drug that is manu-factured， the lower the manufacturing expense for each unit of the drug that is produced.

　　2.The tomb of a warrior killed in 1501 bears a sculpted portrait depicting him dressed for battle.Some his-torians attribute the portrait to an artist from that century， but of the many references to the tomb in surviving documents， none that predates the 1800s mentions the portrait.The portrait is therefore more likely the work of a much later artist.

　　Which of the following， if true， would also support the conclusion of the argument if substituted for the evidence given concerning the portrait?

　　The portrait of the warrior was commissioned by the family of the warriors widow.

　　References in surviving documents mention that an artist was paid in 1525 for an unspecified number of works for the church in which the tomb is located

　　The warrior is depicted in the portrait as wearing boots made of a material not used for boots until the 1700s.

　　Some other art treasures from the church in which the tomb is located have been reliable dated to the 1400s.

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　　The portrait of the warrior on the tomb strongly resembles a portrait of him known to have been completed during his lifetime.

　　3.Scientist：More than 1，000 large asteroids regularly cross the Earths path.Even though the probabil-ity of one colliding with the Earth is extremely slight，we should do whatever we can to reduce that probability since any such collision would be catastrophic.The best way to avoid such a disaster is to deflect the asteroids.The only known way of deflecting asteroids is by hitting them with nuclear weapons that would be stored in space stations.

　　The scientists claims are structured so as to lead to which of the following conclusions?

　　Nuclear technology is the only technology that can plausibly be used to prevent natural catastrophes.

　　Nuclear weapons should be deployed in space.

　　No catastrophe has yet been caused by the collision of an asteroid with the Earth.

　　The 1，000 large asteroids that cross the Earths path pose only an extremely slight risk of colliding with the Earth.

　　There is currently no acceptable use to which nuclear weapons can be put，aside from pro-tecting the Earth from asteroids.

　　4.It has long been thought that high levels of the hor-mone testosterone contribute to the onset of heart disease in men.However，this view cannot be correct，since men who have heart disease typically show significantly lower levels of testosterone than do men who have not had heart disease.

　　The argument above assumes which of the following?

　　Many men who have never had heart disease have unusually low levels of testosterone.

　　Having heart disease does not significantly lower the level of testosterone in men.

　　Levels of hormones other than testosterone significantly affect the likelihood that a man will develop heart disease.

　　Heart disease and lowered testosterone levels in men are the effects of a single common cause.

　　High levels of testosterone have never been thought to contribute to a serious disease other than heart disease.

　　5.People who engage in scuba diving are healthier，on average，than people who do not engage in this activity.Therefore，scuba diving tends to promote improved health.

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　　The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it

　　presupposes that everyone who takes up scuba diving does so solely for health reasons

　　leads to a further and falsifiable conclusion that no one can achieve good health without engaging in scuba diving

　　fails to point out that a small number of people are seriously injured in scuba diving accidents each year

　　treats a precondition for improving ones health as though it were something that by itself could ensure good health

　　overlooks the possibility that people generally do not take up scuba diving unless they are in good health

　　参考答案：ACBBE