新GRE逻辑阅读 每日一练37

　　编辑点评： GRE阅读考试的材料，非常强调逻辑的关系，所以逻辑要点是大家在解GRE阅读题的时候的关键，本文就为大家例举了这样一篇逻辑短文，供大家参考和练习。

　　随着GRE阅读考试的难度日益增加，大家需要有针对性地进行练习，本文为大家例举的就是逻辑短文的练习，文末还附有答案，供大家更好地练习。

　　For each of Questions 5-8, select one answer choice unless otherwise instructed.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the following reading passage.

　　Present-day philosophers usually envision their discipline as an endeavor that has been, since antiquity, distinct from and superior to any particular intellectual discipline such as theology or science. The basis for this 5 view, however, lies in a serious misinterpretation of the past,a projection of modern concerns onto past events. The idea of an autonomous discipline called philosophy , distinct from and sitting in judgment on such pursuits as theology and science turns out, on close examination, to 10 be of quite recent origin. When, in the seventeenth century,Descartes and Hobbes rejected medieval philosophy, they did not think of themselves, as modern philosophers do,as proposing a new and better philosophy, but rather as furthering the warfare between 15 science and theology . They were fighting, albeit discreetly, to open the intellectual world to the new science and to liberate intellectual life from ecclesiastical philosophy and envisioned their work as contributing to the growth,not of philosophy, but of research in 20 mathematics and physics. This link between philosophical interests and scientific practice persisted until the nineteenth century, when decline in ecclesiastical power over scholarship and changes in the nature of science provoked the final separation of philosophy from both.25 The demarcation of philosophy from science was facilitated by the development in the early nineteenth century of a new notion, that philosophy s core interest should be epistemology, the general explanation of what it means to know something.

　　Modern philosophers now 30 trace that notion back at least to Descartes and Spinoza,but it was not explicitly articulated until the late eighteenth century, by Kant, and did not become built into the structure of academic institutions and the standard self-descriptions of philosophy professors until the late 35 nineteenth century. Without the idea of epistemology,the survival of philosophy in an age of modern science is hard to imagine. Metaphysics, philosophy s traditional core considered as the most general description of how 40 the heavens and the earth are put together had been rendered almost completely meaningless by the spectacular progress of physics. Kant, however, by focusing philosophy on the problem of knowledge, managed to replace metaphysics with epistemology, and 45 thus to transform the notion of philosophy as queen of sciences into the new notion of philosophy as a separate,foundational discipline: philosophy became primary no longer in the sense of highest but in the sense of underlying .

　　5. Which of the following best expresses the author s main point?

　　○A Philosophy s overriding interest in basic human questions is a legacy primarily of the work of Kant.

　　○B Philosophy was deeply involved in the seventeenth-century warfare between science and religion.

　　○C The set of problems of primary importance to philosophers has remained relatively constant since antiquity.

　　○D The status of philosophy as an independent intellectual pursuit is a relatively recent development.

　　○E The role of philosophy in guiding intellectual speculation has gradually been usurped by science. For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

　　6. The author of the passage implies which of the following in discussing the development of philosophy during the nineteenth century EXCEPT?

　　□A Nineteenth-century philosophy took science as its model for understanding the bases of knowledge.

　　□B Nineteenth-century philosophers carried out a program of investigation explicitly laid out by Descartes and Spinoza.

　　□C Kant had an overwhelming impact on the direction of nineteenth-century philosophy.

　　7. Select the sentence in the passage in which the author characterizes Descartes support for the new science of the seventeenth century. For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

　　8. With which of the following statements concerning the writing of history would the author of the passage be most likely to agree?

　　□A History should not be distorted by attributing present-day consciousness to historical figures.

　　□B History should be concerned with describing those aspects of the past that differ most from those of the present.

　　□C History should not emphasize the role played by ideas over the role played by individuals.

　　答案：5. D. 6. AB 7. They were fighting, albeit discreetly, ... 8. A

　　上文的题目大家答对了几题?大家不仅要多做题，更要善于总结，这样才会有针对性地提高。