GRE阅读练习每日一篇(五)

　　编辑点评： GRE阅读的方法相信大家已经积累了很多了，本文就为大家提供一些GRE阅读的材料，大家来练一练，把平时学到的东西运用到实际中，也多多积累词汇和句子，提高自己的阅读能力。

　　每天做一些标准的GRE阅读练习，有助于大家在GRE考试的复习过程中不断地进行练习和总结。希望大家在进行GRE阅读练习时，充分运用平时所积累的知识，这样才能有效果。

　　It is well known that biological changes at the molecular level have morphogenetic consequences, consequences affecting the formation and differentiation of tissues and organs. It is superfluous to point out that gene mutations and disturbances of the bio-synthetic processes in the embryo may result in abnormalities in the morphology of an organism. However, whereas much is known about causes and consequences at the molecular level, and in spite of an enormous accumulation of chemical and morphological data on embryos of various kinds, our understanding of how genes control morphogenesis is still far from complete. Perhaps one reason for this is that molecular biologists and morphologists speak different languages. Whereas the former speak about messenger-RNA and conformational changes of protein molecules, the latter speak of ectoderms, hypoblasts, and neural crests.

　　One solution to this predicament is to try to find some phenomena relevant to morphogenesis which both the molecular biologist and the morphologist can understand and discuss. As morphogenesis must be basically the result of changes in behavior of the individual cells, it seems logical to ask morphologists to describe the morphogenetic events observed in terms of changes in cellular contact, changes in the rate of proliferation of cells, or similar phenomena. Once this is done, it may be appropriate to ask questions about the molecular background for these changes. One may, for instance, ask whether variations in cell contact reflect alterations in the populations of molecules at the cell surface, or one may inquire about the molecular basis for the increased cell mobility involved in cell dispersion.

　　Studies of this kind have been carried out with cells released from tissues in various ways and then allowed to reveal their behavior after being spread out into a thin layer. In many cases, such cells show the ability to reaggregate, after which different cell types may sort themselves out into different layers and even take part in still more intricate morphogenetic events. But in most cases, the behavior of cells in the intact embryo is difficult to study because of the thickness and opacity of the cell masses. The sea urchin embryo, however, has the advantage that it is so transparent that each cell can be easily observed throughout development. Thus, by recording the development of a sea urchin embryo with time-lapse photography, the research scientist might discover previously unknown features of cellular behavior. Perhaps the study of the sea urchin in this manner can provide a medium by which the molecular biologist and the morphologist can begin communicating with each other more effectively about the way in which genes control morphogenesis.

　　17. The author s primary purpose is to

　　outline a procedure and discuss possible applications

　　evaluate an experiment in terms of its applicability to medical research

　　propose a method for curing specific genetic disorders

　　explain a problem and suggest a solution for it

　　reveal the shortcomings of several attitudes toward genetic research

　　18. The author states that research into the genetic control of morphogenesis has been impeded by

　　an incomplete understanding of biomolecular reactions that are highly complex

　　a lack of communication between scientists whose work could be complementary

　　a reluctance on the part of morphologists to share data with molecular biologists

　　a lack of research in the area of morphology

　　the unavailability of suitable research equipment

　　19. The major objective of the author s proposal is to

　　devise a technique for proving that abnormalities in morphology result from gene mutations

　　improve the procedures for organizing chemical and morphological data

　　increase the accuracy of measurements of cell populations and cell mobility

　　reduce the margin of error in the study of conformational changes of protein molecules

　　provide a plan for increasing knowledge about the influence of genes on morphogenesis

　　20. It can be inferred from the passage that some cells that have been isolated from an organism have the ability to

　　control morphogenesis

　　reform to make higher organisms

　　reorganize to form clusters of cells

　　regulate the transmission of light through the cell wall

　　regulate the rate of tissue formation

　　21. It can be inferred from the passage that the study of the effects of genes on morphogenesis is best accomplished by observing

　　intact developing embryos

　　adult sea urchins

　　isolated living cells

　　groups of genetically mutated cells

　　cells from the same kink of tissue

　　22. According to the passage, it is difficult to study cells in most intact embryos because

　　morphogenetic events cannot be isolated

　　embryos die quickly

　　embryos are difficult to obtain

　　individual cells reaggregate too quickly

　　individual cells are difficult to see

　　23. Which of the following sequences best describes the author s suggestion for future research on morphogenesis?

　　Accumulation of data, simplification of language, explanation of morphogenesis

　　Dispersion of cells, evaluation of cell activity, development of an explanatory hypothesis

　　Classification of cell types, separation of cell, observation of cell activity

　　Observation of cell development, description of cell behavior, explanation at the molecular level

　　Differentiation of cell types, description of cell structure, analysis of molecular components

　　24. The tone of the author s discussion of the difference in the language used by morphologists and that used by molecular biologists is one of

　　indifference

　　neutrality

　　derision

　　approbation

　　indignation

　　The black experience, one might automatically assume, is known to every Black author. Henry James was pondering a similar assumption when he said: You were to suffer your fate. That was not necessarily to know it. This disparity between an experience and knowledge of that experience is the longest bridge an artist must cross. Don L. Lee, in his picture of the Black poet, studying his own poetry and the poetry of other Black poets, touches on the crucial point. In order to transform his own sufferings or joys as a Black person into usable knowledge for his readers, the author must first order his experiences in his mind. Only then can he create feelingly and coherently the combination of fact and meaning that Black audiences require for the reexploration of their lives. A cultural community of Black authors studying one another s best works systematically would represent a dynamic interchange of the spirit corrective and instructive and increasingly beautiful in its recorded expression.

　　25. It can be inferred from the passage that the author considers poetry to be which of the following?

　　A means of diversion in which suffering is transformed into joy

　　An art form that sometimes stifles creative energy

　　A bridge between the mundane and the unreal

　　A medium for conveying important information

　　An area where beauty must be sacrificed for accuracy

　　26. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be LEAST likely to approve of which of the following?

　　Courses that promote cultural awareness through the study of contemporary art

　　The development of creative writing courses that encourage mutual criticism of student work

　　Growing interest in extemporaneous writing that records experiences as they occur

　　A shift in interest from abstract philosophical poetry to concrete autobiographical poetry

　　Workshops and newsletters designed to promote dialogues between poets

　　27. The author refers to Henry James primarily in order to

　　support his own perception of the longest bridge

　　illustrate a coherent combination of fact and meaning

　　provide an example of dynamic interchange of the spirit

　　establish the pervasiveness of lack of self-knowledge

　　contrast James s ideas about poetry with those of Don L. Lee

　　答案：17-27：DBECAEDBDCA