GRE阅读长难句典型结构详解

　　1、长成分

　　1)长从句做主语、宾语及其他成分

　　a、主语从句

　　b、宾语从句

　　2)长状语

　　3)层层修饰

　　4)并列成分

　　2、常见倒装搭配

　　及物动词加介词：固定词组的固定搭配中，经常出现倒装情况，如：bring A to B，写作：bring to B A

　　例：Yet Waltzers argument , however deficient , does point to one of the serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who ,no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.

　　类似的情况：throw over , insert into , import into , infer from, establish for , advocate as 等

　　及物动词加副词

　　例：make possible

　　3、省略的几种情况

　　重复的成分

　　让步转折的省略：如although

　　定语从句引导词的省略which

　　定语从句的引导词和系动词同时省略，变成后置定语

　　如：qualities essential in producing wealth

　　4、 短语被分割

　　如：such as, so that , too to , more than , from A to B , between A and B

　　5、多重否定

　　如：Despite these vague categories , one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed .

　　6、难句分析举例

　　Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.

　　Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased shareholders as a class, an element

　　本句是典型的非限定性定语从句，难点在其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定，并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。分句an elementlandowners 又带有两个定语从句，一个是representing ，另一个是detached。

　　可见，定语从句的难点在于经常省略引导词+be的结构，从而在理解上容易和分词结构相混淆。