4. Most striking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish is eye placement: before maturity one eye migrates,so that in an adult flatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head.
在一条成年比目鱼身上显著存在的诸多不对称特征中,最为吸人注目的是眼睛的摆位:在成年之前,一只眼睛发生移动,因此在成年比目鱼身上,两只眼睛均位于头部的同一侧面。
难句类型:倒装、省略
解释:本句的倒装本质上与我们早就的一种倒装结构是一样的,即形容词放在句首时,主语和谓语倒装。本句的主干的正常语序应该是:Eye placement is most striking;倒装后成了Most striking is eye placement。但是这种倒装在GRE考试中出现,又有了新的特色,被提到句首的Most striking被长长的状语among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish与后面的主语和表语分开,造成阅读困难。
意群训练:Most striking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish is eye placement: before maturity one eye migrates,so that in an adult flatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head.
5. A critique of Handlins interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660s suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined , and that explanations for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded .
一个对于H的关于为何法律上的奴隶制没有在17世纪60年代以前出现的原因所作解释的批评显示,关于奴隶制和种族偏见之间的关系的假说应当重新检查,而且显示出,对于在北美和南美之间的对黑怒的不同处理的解释应当被扩展。
难句类型:复杂修饰、省略
解释:句子的主干清楚:A critique suggests that, and suggests that。但是因为句子的结构复杂、修饰成分多,再加上后面的and 之后的suggests被省略,所以句子的结构很难被读出来的。
本句的suggest不再是暗示,而是显示、说明的意思,其同义词有point,indicate,imply。本句的两个suggest之后的宾语从句都根据语法要求使用了虚拟语气。
意群训练:A critique of Handlins interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660s suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined , and that explanations for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded .
6.Its subjectis life-as-spectacle, for readers, diverted by its various incidents,observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without;the tragic Iliad,however,presents life-as-experience:readers are asked to identify with the mind of Achilles,whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero.
其主题〔若借鉴梅纳德。迈克的两个分类范畴的话〕是人生作为外部景象,因为读者的注意力被作品那形形色色的事件所分散,主要是从外部来观察其主人公奥德修斯的;然而,富于悲剧色彩的《伊利亚特》所表现的则是人生作为内心体验:读者被要求与阿基琉斯的心灵产生共鸣,而其行为动机却致使他变作一个并非特别惹人喜爱的主人公。
注:hero:主人公;without:外部;likable:有吸引力的
难句类型;复杂修饰、插入语、抽象词、熟词僻义
请思考:如果看不懂分号前的without的意思,是否可以用合理化原则根据分号后的那句话推理出其意思?
解释:本句中尽管也存在一些复杂修饰和插入的内容,但是本句话之所以难懂,与其说是因为这些东西的影响,倒不如说是因为用词的抽象和语义的难以理解。作为一篇文学评论型的文章,文章中充斥着一些很抽象的词汇;本句话中就有subject、category、spectacle、divert、incident、hero、primarily、without、present、identify、motivation、particularly、likable等。背过这些单词的中文释义,并不意味着在阅读中能够清楚地理解其真正含义。这里仅解释几个对于这句话最重要的单词:
hero:在此不是指英雄,在文学评论型的文章当中,此单词的意思是主人公。
Without:在此处是一个熟词僻义,意思是外部,等于outside。
Likable:不可望文生义,它不是像什么东西的意思,而是有吸引力的意思,其同义词有pleasant或attractive.
本句中,对于理解全句起到最大影响的,就是能否正确理解without这个单词,然而问题在于,如果不认识without的熟词僻义,是否可用合理化原则根据分号后的那句话推理出其意思?根据紧跟着分别的however,我们可以推断出分号前后的两句话所说的内容截然相反,因此可以从I戏剧的描述中推出,without的意思应该是不去认同其主人公的内心世界。
意群训练:Its subjectis life-as-spectacle, for readers,diverted by its various incidents,observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without;the tragic Iliad,however,presents life-as-experience:readers are asked to identify with the mind of Achilles,whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero.
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