GRE阅读难句解读（三）

　　13.It has thus generally been by way of the emphasis on oral literarycreativity that these Chicano writers，whose English language works aresometimes uninspired，developed the powerful and arresting language thatcharacterized their Spanish-language works.

　　因此，一般而言，正是通过对口头文学创造性的强调，这些奇卡诺作家其英语作品时常显得缺乏灵感才得以发展一种强有力的和富于吸引力的语言，并以此构成了他们西班牙语作品的特征。

　　14.To measure them properly，monitoring equipment would have to belaid out on a grid at intervals of at most 50 kilometers，with sensorsat each grid point lowered deep in the ocean and kept there for manymonths.

　　为了恰当地测量它们，监测设备必须被设置在一网络上，彼此的间距最多为五十公里，位于每个网点的感应器沉放至海洋深处，并在许多个月中一直固定在那里。

　　15.This declaration，which was echoed in the text of the FourteenthAmendment，was designed primarily to counter the Supreme Courts rulingin Dred Scott v. Sandford that Black people in the United States couldbe denied citizenship.

　　这一在第十四条修正案的文本中被复述的宣言，主要是旨在对抗最高法院在Dred Scott诉Sandford一案中的判决，此判决裁定，在美国的黑人可被剥夺公民权。

　　16.The broad language of the amendment strongly suggests that itsframers were proposing to write into the Constitution not a laundrylist of specific civil rights but a principle of equal citizen-shipthat forbids organized society from treating any individual as a memberof an inferior class.

　　第十四条修正案的宽泛笼统的语言强烈地暗示，其制定者所意欲载入宪法的不是一张具体民法的细目清单，而是一种平等公民权的原则，这一原则禁止有组织的社会将任何一个个人作为劣等阶层的成员来对待。

　　17.This doctrine has broadened the application of the FourteenthAmendment to other，nonracial forms of discrimination，for while somejustices have refused to find，any legislative classification otherthan race to be constitutionally disfavored，most have been receptive toarguments that at least some nonracial discriminations. sexualDiscrimination in particular，are suspect and deserve thisheightened scrutiny by the courts.

　　所谓怀疑分类，意指那种在有可能被理解成以种族为基础，针对某一群体进行的歧视这一信条扩展了第十四条修正案的适用范围，使其同样也适用于其它的、非种族形式的歧视。因为虽然某些法官拒不将除种族以外的立法分类裁定为非法的，但绝大多数法官已经接受了这样一个论点，即至少某些非种族性质的歧视，尤其是性别歧视，是值得怀疑的，并理应接受法庭这种更高程度上的审视。

　　18.Only when a system possesses natural or artificial boundariesthat associate the water within it with the hydrologic cycle may theentire system properly be termed hydrogeologic.

　　只有当某一地质系统拥有自然的或人工的界限，将该系统内的水与水文循环起来，这整个系统方能被恰当地称为与水文地质学相关。