据第六次人口普查,我国“黑户”大约1300万人口,占总人口1%,这已经成为一个影响社会公平、和谐的重大问题。
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China is considering registering its tens of millions of people who lack a hukou, or household registration, which would mark a historic solution to a decades-old problem.
中国正在考虑解决其几千万“黑户”上户口的问题,这将成为解决这个困扰中国几十年问题的历史性方案。
单独就中国的户籍制度来说,“黑户”一词就是在全国人口普查(national census)中没有户籍资料,没有户口卡(常住人口登记卡),并且没有身份证的人。没有户籍资料导致的“黑户”是我们平时生活中接触最多的,可以用英文people who lack a hukou(household registration)来表示。
相关统计显示,我国“黑户”人口总量在1300万左右、占总人口1%。这些黑户中60%以上是超生人员(“extra births”),其他还包括没有主动上户口、弃婴、未婚生育(birth out of wedlock)、相关证件丢失、户籍办理程序繁琐或基层部门不作为(dereliction of community-level governments)等多种原因导致的无户籍人员(unregistered residents)。因为没有户口,他们大多数人没有社会保障(social security),失去正常的工作、生活和受教育机会,抱有强烈的不安全感(hold a strong sense of insecurity)。
此外,“黑户”的存在也衍生了社会不稳定(increase the possibility of social instability)和户籍造假等问题,
公安部日前召开会议,形成了关于解决无户籍人口问题的意见,解决“黑户”问题被提上日程。会议强调,依法登记户口是宪法和法律赋予公民的一项基本权利,事关社会公平、和谐稳定(It highlighted that receiving a hukou is a basic right granted by the Constitution and other laws, noting that it is related to social justice, harmony and stability)。
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