情态动词和虚拟语气
2011~2017课标区高考考点统计 考情解读
年份数量考点 2017 2017 2011 合计 情态动词和虚拟语气在高考中的热点依次是:(1)虚拟语气;(2)推测和可能性;(3)必要性及表示请求、允许、允诺。试题的立意不偏不怪,但是有效信息越来越隐蔽,情景越来越生动、真实,考查角度越来越细微化、综合化。
情态动词 基本用法3
5
4
12
其他用法 1 1 2 4
情态动词+have done 5 3 3 11
虚拟
语气 虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气2 6 5 13
名词性从句中的虚拟语气 0 0 1 1
其他句型中的虚拟语气 3 2 1 6
情态动词的基本用法
一、表能力
1.(2017·江西高考)When I was a child, I ________ watch TV whenever I wanted to.
A.shouldB.could
C.must
D.need
解析:选B 考查情态动词。句意:当我还是个孩子的时候,我什么时候想看电视就可以看。根据题干中的whenever I wanted to可知,此空应填could,表示一般的能力,指想做就能做到。
2.(2017·湖南高考)He ________ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.
A.wouldn't
B.shouldn't
C.couldn't
D.mustn't
解析:选C 考查情态动词。句意:尽管他想睡,但仍睡不着,(因为)当时他拼命想着一个主意,一直到想出来为止他才睡去。此处couldn't表示“不可能”,符合句意。
3.(2017·全国卷)I'm going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ________ find the money.
A.can
B.might
C.would
D.need
解析:选A 考查情态动词。句意:如果我能弄到钱,我就和John一起去欧洲度假。结合前后部分的内容可知,此处表示的是能力。故用can“能,会”。
——————————————————————————————————————表示现在的能力:can,am/is/are able to
表示将来的能力:will be able to
表示过去的能力:could表示过去的能力,不表示是否成功地做了;was/were able to表示过去有能力做而且成功地做了——————————————————————————————————————
—No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.
—Oh, you are really his big fan.(2011·湖南高考)
——在打篮球方面,无人能与姚明相媲美。
——你真是姚明的铁杆粉丝。
二、表推测
1.(2017·重庆高考)—What are you doing this Saturday?
—I'm not sure, but I ________ go to
the Rolling Stones concert.
A.must
B.would
C.should
D.might
解析:选D 考查情态动词。由答语中的“I'm not sure”可知,答话人对自己的安排还不能确定,因此用might,表示“可能,或许”。must表示肯定的推测,意为“必须,一定”;would表示意愿;should表示“应该”。
2.(2017·安徽高考)It ________ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.
A.may
B.couldn't
C.should
D.needn't
解析:选B 考查情态动词的用法。句意:你难以完成那道练习题不可能是词汇量的原因,因为你掌握了大量的词汇。根据原因状语从句because you know a lot of words可知,主句应该是否定的,A项和C项可排除;needn't表示“不必”,不符合题意。此处表示可能性,故选B。
3.(2011·江西高考)It ________be the postman at the door.It's only six o'clock.
A.mustn't
B.can't
C.won't
D.needn't
解析:选B 考查情态动词。句意:门口不可能是邮递员,(现在)才六点钟。 对现在的否定推测,由It's only six o'clock.分析可知应用can't(不可能)。mustn't“禁止”, won't“不会”,needn't“不必”,均不合句意。
4.(2010·北京高考)—Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.
—Ah, good morning. You ________ be Mrs. Peters.
A.might
B.must
C.would
D.can
解析:选B 考查情态动词。第一句说明和史密斯女士有约定,所以秘书判断一定是……。must在此表示推测,意为“一定”,符合语境。
——————————————————————————————————————①肯定句:can表示客观上的可能,有时会;may/might/could表示可能;must表示一定;should/ought to表示应该/按说应该
②否定句:can't/couldn't表示不可能;may not/might not表示可能不;shouldn't/oughtn't to表示应该不会
③疑问句:can/could表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度—————————————————————————————————————
[点津] mustn't不表推测,而是表示禁止。
①It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes.(2008·福建高考)
我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和,但有时候也会相当冷。
②Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the meeting?
布什先生做什么事情都很准时,他怎么可能开会迟到呢?
③—Let's visit Tom together, Stephen.
—There's no need to do so. He can't be at home, because I saw him board the flight to Beijing this morning.
——斯蒂芬,咱们一起去拜访汤姆吧。
——没必要这样做。他一定不在家,因为今天早晨我看见他登上了飞往北京的航班。
④—It's the office!So you must know eating is not allowed here.
—Oh, sorry.(2009·湖南高考)
——这是办公室!所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。
——噢,对不起。
⑤There shouldn't be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.
因为你在驾校训练了那么多,通过路考应该没什么困难。
三、表请求、建议、命令、允许、允诺、禁止、义务、责任
1.(2017·上海高考)The new law states that people ________ drive after drinking alcohol.
A.wouldn't
B.needn't
C.won't
D.mustn't
解析:选D 句意:新法律声明人们不准酒后驾车。mustn't“不准”,表示禁止。
2.(2017·辽宁高考)One of our rules is that every student ________ wear school uniform while at school.
A.might
B.could
C.shall
D.will
解析:选C 考查情态动词。句意:我们的一条规定是学生在校时都必须要穿校服。shall用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
3.(2010·辽宁高考)Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it ________ be regular exercise.
A.can
B.will
C.must
D.may
解析:选C 考查情态动词。句意:医生说,锻炼对于健康很重要,但是必须是有规律的锻炼。情态动词must表示“必须”,符合语意。
4.(2010·四川高考)—________ I take the book out?
—I'm afraid not.
A.Will
B.May
C.Must
D.Need
解析:选B 考查情态动词。句意:“我能将书带出去吗?”“恐怕不行。”may表示征求对方的许可。
5.(2009·全国卷Ⅰ)What do you mean, there are only ten tickets?There________be twelve.
A.should
B.would
C.will
D.shall
解析:选A 考查情态动词。句意:你说的是什么意思?只有10张票吗?本来应该有12张票的。情态动词should表示“应该”,符合句意。
——————————————————————————————————————①请求对方允许时用May/Can/Could I/we ...?
②主动提出帮忙或提出建议时用Shall I/we ...?
③提出请求、问题、看法时用Will/Would you ...?或Shall he/she/they ...?
④should/ought to表示应该,shouldn't/oughtn't to表示不应该
⑤may/can(可以)表示允许、许可
⑥must(必须),mustn't表示禁止
⑦shall与第二、三人称连用,用于陈述句,表示命令、警告、允诺、威胁;当宣布法律、规定时也常用shall——————————————————————————————————————
①You mustn't park here! It's an emergency exit.(2010·重庆高考)
你不可以在这儿停车!这是紧急出口。
②—Will you read me a story, Mummy?
—OK. You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.(2011·陕西高考)
——妈妈,给我讲个故事好吗?
——好的,如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你讲一个。
四、表必要性
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I ________ use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.
A.couldn't
B.mustn't
C.shouldn't
D.needn't
解析:选D 考查情态动词。句意:我不需要用闹钟叫自己起床,因为每天早上六点都会有一列火车经过我家门口。应选“不需要”,即needn't。
2.(2011·福建高考)—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?
—I am afraid you ________, in case he comes late for the meeting.
A.will
B.must
C.may
D.can
解析:选B 考查情态动词。依据 in case he comes late for the meeting 可知,这里用 must 表示“必须”,强调提醒时间安排的变化的“必要性”。
——————————————————————————————————————
——————————————————————————————————————
You don't have to buy a gift, but you can if you want to.(2010·湖南高考)
你没必要买一个礼物,但是如果你想的话可以买一个。
五、表意愿、决心
1.(2017·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)The door ________ open, no matter how hard she pushed.
A.shouldn't
B.couldn't
C.wouldn't
D.mightn't
解析:选C 考查情态动词。句意:无论她怎么努力去推,这扇门就是打不开。情态动词will表示事物的倾向和特性,意为“总是,会”。因后半句用的是一般过去时,因此空处应用will的过去式would。
2.(2017·江苏高考)Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but ________ say where he was.
A.mustn't
B.shouldn't
C.wouldn't
D.mightn't
解析:选C 考查情态动词。句意:几天后,我哥哥打电话说他一切都好,但不愿意说他在哪儿。mustn't意为“禁止”;shouldn't意为“不应该”;wouldn't在此意为“不愿意”;mightn't意为“或许不”。
——————————————————————————————————————will/would可与各种人称连用,表示主语的意志或决心。will表示意愿时其否定形式won't通常用于有生命体,但有时也用于无生命体,这时把无生命体拟人化了。——————————————————————————————————————
①—Why didn't you come to Simon's party last night?
—I wanted to, but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night.(2011·重庆高考)
——你昨晚为什么没有参加西蒙的聚会?
——我想去,但是妈妈不愿意让我自己在这么晚的时间出去。
②I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen.
我已再三告诉他戒烟,但是他就是不听。 情态动词+have done
1.(2017·辽宁高考)Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He ________ too much at the party last night.
A.could drink
B.should drink
C.would have drunk
D.must have drunk
解析:选D 考查情态动词。根据空后面的last night可知,哈利喝酒一事是过去的事情,结合语境可知此处表示对过去的事情的肯定推测,应该用must have done结构。
2.(2017·四川高考)—Why are your eyes so red? You ________ have slept well last night.
—Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.
A.can't
B.mustn't
C.needn't
D.won't
解析:选A 考查情态动词。句意:“你的眼睛为什么这么红?昨晚你不可能睡好觉。”“是的,我熬夜写一篇报告。”can't have done表示对过去事情的推测,表示“不可能做过某事”。
3.(2017·江西高考)We ________ have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner.
A.may not
B.needn't
C.can't
D.mustn't
解析:选B 考查情态动词表推测的用法。句意:我们本来不必买这么多食物的,因为Suzie不与我们一起吃饭。本题要注意后面的now that从句:Suzie不与我们一起吃饭。所以前面是在说我们本没有必要买那么多饭。needn't have done表示某事已经做了,但后来觉得没必要去做,因此常含有责备或遗憾之意,译成汉语通常是“本来不必……”。
4.(2017·江苏高考)—Happy birthday!
—Thank you! It's the best present I________ for.
A.should have wished
B.must have wished
C.may have wished
D.could have wished
解析:选D 考查情态动词。句意:“生日快乐!”“谢谢你!这是我所能期望的最好的礼物了。”could have wished意为“可能希望”,符合句意。
5.(2011·全国卷Ⅰ)They ________have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
A.will
B.can
C.must
D.should
解析: 选D 考查情态动词。 句意: 他们本应该在午饭时间到达,但是他们的航班推迟了。 should have done表示“本应该做某事(实际却未做)”,符合句意。
6.(2011·江苏高考)—I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
—How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ________it.
A.will have stolen
B.might have stolen
C.should have stolen
D.must have stolen
解析:选B 考查情态动词。从对话情景可知他们在谈论过去的可能性:有人可能把手提包偷走了,因此选择might have stolen。
7.(2009·江苏高考)He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he________it differently.
A.could express
B.would express
C.could have expressed
D.must have expressed
解析:选C 考查情态动词的用法。根据句意可知他觉得本来能够用别的方式表达的(却没有那样做)。显然是对过去的事表示遗憾,因此应该使用could have done,表示本来可以做却未做。
情态动词+have done 用法
must have done 一定做过某事,其否定形式为can't/couldn't have done
can/could have done 1.本来能够做但却未做2.可能做过某事
can't/couldn't have done 不可能做过某事
may/might have done 或许/可能做过某事
should/ought to have done 本该做但却未做,其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了
needn't have done 做了本没有必要做的事情
①—Wang
Yaping was the second woman to be sent into space in China.
—She must have gone through tough training.
——王亚平成为第二名被送入太空的中国女性。
——她肯定受过艰苦的训练。
②Mark needn't have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.(2010·天津高考)
马克本没必要那么匆忙。他以最快速度开车,结果早到了半个小时。
情态动词的其他常见用法
1.(2017·天津高考)No one ________ be more generous; he has a heart of gold.
A.could
B.must
C.dare
D.need
解析:选A 考查情态动词。句意:没有人比他更慷慨;他有一颗金子般的心。could“可能”,用在否定句中表示推测;must“必须”;dare“胆敢,敢于”;need“需要”。根据句意可知应选A。
2.(2017·陕西高考)I ________ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.
A.won't
B.can't
C.can
D.will
解析:选B 考查情态动词的用法。句意:当我们不在家时,你对我儿子的帮助,我对你怎样感谢也不过分。can't ... too much 表示“怎样……也不过分”。
3.(2017·重庆高考)—________ you interrupt now? Can't you see I'm on the phone?
—Sorry Sir, but it's urgent.
A.Can
B.Should
C.Must
D.Would
解析:选C 考查情态动词的用法。句意:“你偏要现在打扰我吗?难道你没有看到我正在打电话吗?”“对不起,先生,但是情况太紧急了。”must表示“偏要,硬要”。故选C项。
——————————————————————————————————————①can的否定式与比较级连用表示最高级
②can的否定式与enough或too (much)连用表示“再……也不为过”
③must可表示“偏要,硬要”,常用于疑问句或条件状语从句
④may as well表示“最好;不妨”
⑤would可表示过去的习惯,与used to相比,前者常表示过去反复的动作,后者常表示过去的状态或习惯现在已不复存在
⑥should有时表示说话人对某事感到意外、惊奇,意为“竟然会”——————————————————————————————————————
①You can't be too careful while driving.
开车时越小心越好。
②If you think the price of beef is too high, you may as well buy some pork. It depends on you.
如果你认为牛肉太贵的话,你不妨买些猪肉。你自己决定。
③If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over.(2011·辽宁高考)
如果你非要走的话,至少等到暴风雨结束。
1.(2017·南昌三中模拟)—Do you think Jack will lend us a hand?
—He is the last one to help others. He ________ lend his hand, though.
A.can
B.must
C.should
D.might
解析:选D 句意:“你认为杰克会帮我们吗?”“他是最不愿帮人的一个人,但也可能他会帮我们。”表示“或许,可能”用may/might,can表示可能性常用于疑问句和否定句。
2.(2017·潍坊市高三二模)Sometimes smiles ________ be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry.
A.must
B.should
C.can
D.would
解析:选C 句意:有时微笑可能是假的,目的是隐藏像愤怒、恐惧或焦虑那样的情感。表示“有时会”用can。
3.(2017·西安市高三二模)—John looks a bit upset. Did you tell him the bad news?
—Yes, but I ________ him after his birthday party.
A.should have told
B.must have told
C.shouldn't have told
D.needn't have told
解析:选A 句意:“约翰看起来有点伤心,你把那个坏消息告诉他了吗?”“是的,但我本应该在他生日后告诉他。”表示本应该做某事用should have done。
4.(2017·重庆一中模拟)—Who ________ be phoning us at this time of night?
—It might be your sister.
A.might
B.can
C.dare
D.must
解析:选B 句意:“晚上这个时候谁有可能给我们打电话?”“可能是你的姐姐。”在疑问句中表示可能性用can。
5.(2017·河北衡水中学模拟)Some young people these days just ________ go out of their homes to contact the real world.
A.mustn't
B.won't
C.mightn't
D.shouldn't
解析:选B 句意:现在一些年轻人就是不想走出家门与现实世界接轨。表示意愿时应用will。
6.(2017·济南一中模拟)—Where ________ Mary have put the empty bottles?
—She ________ them away. They must be somewhere.
A.can; can't have thrown
B.must; needn't
C.must; must have thrown
D.can; mustn't have thrown
解析:选A 句意:“玛丽可能把空瓶子放在什么地方了?”“她不可能扔掉,瓶子一定在某个地方。”第一空在疑问句中表示可能性用can;第二空表示“不可能做过某事”用can't have done,注意不能用mustn't表示推测。
虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的应用
1.(2017·北京高考)If we ________ a table earlier, we wouldn't be standing here in a queue.
A.have bookedB.booked
C.book
D.had booked
解析:选D 考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我们早点儿预订了餐桌,(现在)就不必在这儿站着排队等候了。本句是混合虚拟语气,从句是对过去情况的假设,主句是对现在情况的虚拟,故从句用过去完成时。
2.(2017·天津高考)If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he ________ able to speak it much better now.
A.will be
B.would be
C.has been
D.would have been
解析:选B 考查虚拟语气。句意:如果他以前花费更多的时间练习英语口语的话,他现在就能说得更好。此题考查混合条件句中的虚拟语气,根据语境和时间状语可知,从句是对过去情况的虚拟,主句是对现在情况的虚拟,故选B。
3.(2017·安徽高考)Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she ________ there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.
A.lives
B.would live
C.has lived
D.were to live
解析:选D 考查虚拟语气。句意:Grace不想搬到纽约,因为她认为,如果她住到那里去,她就不能经常看到父母了。主句“Grace doesn't want to move to New York”说明Grace尚未搬到纽约,故此处表示的是对将来的虚拟,if引导的虚拟条件从句中可使用过去式或should+动词原形或were to+动词原形,D项当选。
4.(2017·浙江高考)Had they known what was coming next, they ________ second thoughts.
A.may have
B.could have
C.must have had
D.might have had
解析:选D 根据“Had they known ...”可知,此处是省略了if的条件句,表示与过去事实相反的假设,所以主句用should/would/could/might+have done结构,故D项正确。
类别 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词
与现在事实相反 过去式(be用were) should/would/could/might+动词原形
与过去
事实相反 had+过去分词 should/would/could/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反 过去式(be用were) should/would/could/might+动词原形
should+动词原形
were to+动词原形
if省略句 如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should,有时可把if省略,把were/had/should提到主语之前形成倒装,若为否定形式,not不可提前。
混合
条件句 有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间加以调整。
含蓄
条件句 ①有时假设的情况不用条件从句表达,而是用but for,without等介词(短语)或上下文来表示条件。②用连词otherwise,or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反,从而引出后文的虚拟语气。③虚拟条件通过but暗示出来,模式为“虚拟情况+but+真实情况”。
①I should not have laughed if I had thought you were serious.(2017·江苏高考)
如果我当时认为你是认真的,我就不会笑了。
②I would have come sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.(2011·天津高考)
我本该早一些到,但我不知道他们在等我。
③Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy would have been saved.(2010·浙江高考)
如果我了解这种电脑程序的话,就可以节省大量的时间和精力。
④This printer is of good quality. If it should break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.(2009·天津高考)
这台打印机质量很好,如果第一年出现问题,我们免费为您维修。
虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用
1.(2017·浙江高考)Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam ________ at the age of six months old.
A.was
B.be
C.were
D.is
解析:选B 考查虚拟语气。此处考查的是recommend后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气,根据语法规则可知,从句中谓语动词应用“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略,故选B项。
2.(2011·北京高考)—Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they______always late.
A.weren't
B.hadn't
been
C.wouldn't
be
D.wouldn't
have been
解析:选A 考查虚拟语气。根据问句句意“孩子们现在在哪里?” 可知wish 后的宾语从句应用动词的过去式,表示与现在事实相反的愿望,故答案为A。
1.wish后面宾语从句的虚拟语气
与现在事实相反 从句用一般过去时
与过去事实相反 从句用过去完成时
与将来事实相反 从句用would+动词原形
I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.
我希望我是一只小鸟,能在天空自由飞翔。
2.表示主张、命令、建议、要求等词后的宾语从句和同位语从句中常用“(should+)动词原形”结构。
[点津] 当insist表示“坚持认为;坚持说”;suggest表示“暗示,表明”时后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
①The young man insisted that he did nothing wrong and should be set free at once.
这个年轻人坚持认为他没有做错,应该马上被释放。
②The girl's pale face suggested that she was ill and I suggested that she go to see the doctor at once.
这个女孩苍白的脸色表明她病了,我建议她马上去看医生。
③Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.(2010·福建高考)
老师们建议父母,为了安全不要让他们12岁以下的孩子骑车上学。
虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用
1.(2017·辽宁高考)Jack is a great talker.
It's high time that he ________ something instead of just talking.
A.will do
B.has done
C.do
D.did
解析:选D 考查动词时态。在句型 “It's high time that ...”中, 从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时或should do,所以选D项。
2.(2017·北京高考)Don't handle the vase as if it ________ made of steel.
A.is
B.were
C.has been
D.had been
解析:选B 考查虚拟语气。句意:不要把花瓶像它似乎是钢制的一样来拿。as if表示“似乎,好像”,引导的从句通常用虚拟语气,再结合主句的时态可知是对现在事实的虚拟,所以用一般过去时were。
3.(2010·江苏高考)George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I'd rather he ________ more on its culture.
A.focus
B.focused
C.would focus
D.had focused
解析:选B 考查虚拟语气。would rather后的从句中谓语动词用过去式表示对现在或将来事实的虚拟。
1.would rather所接从句时,表示与现在或将来事实相反时从句用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反时从句用过去完成时。
My brother spends most of time on computer games. I'd rather he devoted himself to his study.
我弟弟的大部分时间都用在玩电脑游戏了,我宁愿他全身心投入到学习中。
2.It's (high/about) time (that) ...句型中,从句的谓语动词用一般过去时或should+动词原形(其中should不可省略),句意为“确实到了……的时候了”。
It's high time that measures should be taken to prevent air pollution.
是时候采取措施防止空气污染了。
3.虚拟语气在as if引导的状语从句中的应用
表示与现在事实相反用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
He stood up and offered her his seat, as if he had read her mind.
他站起来给她让座,他好像读懂了她的心思。
4.虚拟语气在if only感叹句中的应用
if only后面的谓语动词常用一般过去时(对现在虚拟)或过去完成时(对过去虚拟)与过去将来时(对将来虚拟),表示强烈的愿望。
①It's really a good chance. If only I could go there!
真是个好机会。我能去那儿该多好啊!
②Look at the trouble we are in. If only we had taken our teacher's advice!
看看我们所处的困境,要是我们当初听从老师的建议该有多好!
1.(2017·陕西师大附中模拟)If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river ________ so seriously now.
A.is not polluted
B.would not be polluted
C.had not been polluted
D.would not have been polluted
解析:选B 句意:如果我们早采取有力措施,现在河水就不会污染这么严重。主句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,用would加动词原形。
2.(2017·天津南开中学高三二模) ________ it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A.Were
B.Should
C.Would
D.Will
解析:选B 句意:如果明天下雨,我们应该推迟参观杨浦桥。从句表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,用一般过去时、should加动词原形或were to加动词原形,且should或were可以提前。
3.(2017·成都七中考前模拟)We were stuck on the way to the scenic spot, otherwise we ________ lots of fun there.
A.had had
B.have had
C.could have had
D.could have
解析:选C 句意:我们在去景点的路上堵车了,否则的话,我们就会在那里玩得很愉快。本题为含蓄条件句,otherwise前面相当于表示与过去事实相反的从句,后面相当于与过去事实相反的主句,故用could have done。
4.(2017·辽宁师范大学附中模拟)Fortunately it happened at night. If the hurricane ________ during the daytime, there ________ more deaths.
A.had happened; would have been
B.happened; would be
C.had happened; would be
D.happened; would have been
解析:选A 句意:幸运的是,飓风发生在夜晚,如果发生在白天,将会造成更多人的死亡。此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,从句用过去完成时,主句用would have done。
5.(2017·哈师大附中高三二模)If only I ________ more confidence in the English speech contest held last week!
A.would have
B.had
C.had had
D.have
解析:选C 句意:我要是在上周的英语演讲比赛中再自信些该有多好!if only相当于wish,表示与过去事实相反时用过去完成时。
6.(2017·广西桂林中学高三二模)—Can you come to attend our party tonight?
—Sorry, but I do wish I ________.
A.had
B.can
C.will
D.could
解析:选D 句意:“你今晚能参加我们的宴会吗?”“抱歉,但是我多么希望能去。”wish后表示与将来相反的虚拟语气,用could/would等+动词原形。
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