雅思听力的10大题型中,替换规律最频繁出现的题目是选择题和填空题,特别是选择题,基本上,每道题都会出现这样的问题,分析题目的规律之后,基本上替换是分为这样几类的。
A.简单同义的替换
就是指同一单词的换位解释,一般出现在时间的考题上会比较多。
例如:
FORTNIGHT=14 DAYS=2 WEEKS
3 DECADES=30 YEARS
SCORE=20
DOZEN=12
UNDER A WEEK= 5 OR 6 DAYS
EACH DAY DURING THE WEEK=ON WEEKDAYS
REOPEN IN NEXT FEW MONTHS=TEMPORARILY CLOSED
ENTRANCE=ACCESS
B.语义替换
就是进一步的说明它到底是怎么回事。有一种总结、概括之感。
例如:
雅思真题上有一篇文章在讲婴儿床,里面就多次出现语义替换。
Base of cot could be moved.= Base of cot could be raised or lowered into two different positions.
婴儿床的底座是可以移动的,然而怎么移动在听力中给出了详细解释,可以上下移动,这就是语义的替换。
Pictures could be removed easily.= There were pictures which were simply stuck on and so could easily become detached.
同样,也是进一步的阐明到底是怎么一回事
真题中还有一篇文章在讲回收问题,其中有这样一题。
Glass designed to be utilized for cooking cannot be recycled with other types of glass.=Another difficulty is that toughened glass used for cooking doesnt fully melt at the temperature required for other glass, and so that also has to be picked out by hand.
他把玻璃到底是怎么回收的,给出了详细的解释。
然而在听力中,把语义替换放在题目中考察的几率不是很大,所以考生不用太担心,但是它会变成干扰你听音的一个因素。
C.词性替换
大部分的同义替换都是动词和动词之间,名词与名词之间,形容词与形容词之间,然而跨越词性的替换,也成为雅思听力考试的新趋势。
剑桥真题中出现过这样一道题:
By 2008, carbon dioxide emissions need to be __________ lower than in 1990.
Listening script
The agreed targets for the UK mean that by 2008 we must reduce our carbon dioxide emissions by 12.5%, compared with 1990.
而题目中的lower是形容词的比较级,听力原文却换成了动词reduce,完成了从形容词到动词的替换。
D.反义替换
简单说就是不用正话说,用反话表达。
在真题的一道摘要完成题中,题目是这样的:
A good way for women to develop their _________ in dealing with financial affairs would be to attend classes in money management.
Listening Script:
Then research also suggests that women avoid dealing effectively with their economic situation because of a lack of confidence.
这里面做到的替换就是反义的说法,题目中说女性要培养她们的什么,而我们想到培养的同义词,只有有限的几个词,所以考官采取了反义替换,如果女性想培养他们的什么能力,那么可以说明她们在这个方面是欠缺的,或者说,这个方面就是她们的弱点,所以就有这样一些词出现在脑海里:weakness, drawback, shortcoming, lack of, lapse of, disadvantage, defect, deficiency, etc.
E.比较级替换
就是在题目中看到的是完全没有比较级的格式,而听力中,总是听到比较级。
例如:
Fitness Centre--reduced _________ for students.
Listening Script:
Students should pay an annual fee that is much less than the general public pay.
这个题相对来说,比较难,原文中的reduced表示减少的,考生在看到这个词的时候,会想很多和reduce同义的词,比如:decline, decrease, drop, fall, lower, subside, abate, plummet etc.,然后带着这些词去听答案,然而当他们听到much less than的时候,才反应过来这也是减少,可是已经来不及了,答案已经过去了,因此这道题的出错率是很高的。所以要克服这种问题,就需要考生在练习的过程中多积累,看到形容词出现,就要想想可能会出现比较级,甚至是最高级的出现,只有这样才可以在考试中做到慌而不乱。
替换现象是雅思听力考试的第一把杀手锏,如何克服这第一道防线,就需要考生在下面做题的过程中,多思考,多总结,同时结合以上的换体规律,彻底把它弄懂,那么在考场上,同样的问题就会迎刃而解。
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