通过对考生试卷所作的抽样分析,我们总结出考生主要存在下列问题:
1 不会审题,偏离主题。很多考生在着手做写作题时并无审题和构思的概念,有的担心时间不够,有的则是无从下笔,结果不是文不对题就是时间已过半,只好草草收场。
2 用汉语思维,逐字翻译。有的考生对英语遣词造句无把握,便用汉语构思文章,时不时将汉语句子硬译成英文,结果是非驴非马,无法理解。
3 用词搭配不当。英语语言的一大特点是其丰富的习惯用语和固定搭配,包括动词短语,介词短语,形容词短语,例如 spend much time in... 不能改成 take much time in... 。词与词之间的固定搭配是由历史形成的,有的看起来不符合逻辑,但却是地道用法。
4 词汇量小,表达困难,拼写错误。部分学生能在写作中运用的词汇量太少,有的知道用法但又拼写不出来,结果只能用中文取而代之,成绩自然不会理想。
5 句子逻辑关系混乱。部分考生因受汉语结构的影响,对句子中主谓语及状语之间的位置安排不妥,造成逻辑混乱。例如: Our English class often told stories. 应改为: We often told stories in our English class 。
6 不会运用关联词转承上下句子和段落。关联词即过渡词使上下句子和段落合理衔接,承上启下,使表达合乎逻辑,同时结构严谨,文章紧凑。例:
People learn English to use it. Some learn it to study or work abroad. Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English - speaking foreigners.
采用适当关联词,改进为: People learn English for practical purposes: some learn to study or work abroad while others learn to read or communicate in English.
7 语法错误。语法错误主要表现为:
分不清及物与不及物动词,例如: rise 和 raise; hear 和 listen 等;
被动语态与主动语态的误用,例如: interesting 和 interested; speaking 和 spoken 等;
词类混淆,将动词或形容词误作名词用,将名词或动词误作形容词用等。例如: benefit 和 beneficial; difficult 和 difficulty; pleasure 和 pleased 等。
混淆可数名词与不可数名词,例如: family, practice 等。
冠词,情态动词,介词,代词等方面的错误,例如: a English book, should did, must done 等。
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