策略之一:用介词短语替代从句。
例:
Wordy: While they were playing tennis, she started an argument that lasted all morning.
Better: During tennis she started an argument that lasted all morning.
Wordy: When you come to the second traffic light, turn right.
Stylish English is ...
Concise
简洁才是美
好的写作,首先而且至关重要的一点就是简洁。繁冗的写作堆砌了许多无用的词藻,反而减弱表述的清晰度。当然,也不能仅仅因为简短就认为短句一定优于长句。只要一个单词确实能起到一定的作用,它就应该留在句中。一般来说,只有在进行强调或修饰、美化句子时,才能使用重复的单词、语音和短语。修改文章,就是要删繁就简。比较下面这对句子,注意体会二者的差别及效果。
1) Dr. Sun Yat-sen went to Japan by means of a big boat.
2) Dr. Sun Yat-sen went to Japan by boat.
斜体字部分较啰嗦,因为by就是by means of boat。
Better: At the second traffic light turn left.
策略之二:删除诸如who is或that is之类的关系代词,变从句为短语。
例:
Wordy: The novel, which is written in three parts, told a story that took place in the Middle Ages.
Better: The three-part novel told a story set in the Middle Ages.
注:把句中的three parts改用形容词来表达,节省了四个不必要的单词which is written in。我们经常可以将关系代词如that去掉,这只会引起最少的变动。
策略之三:剔除你不需要的单词
Two joint partners will present their views over a long-distance telephone call.
写完这样的句子后,你自己再读一遍,挑出单词joint和telephone,注意删去不必要的词。
策略之四:表达否定意义时,尽量避免使用否定词。英语中很多词不用 nos 或者nots也能表达否定含义的词汇,你尽可以采取更为委婉的表达方式。
例:
Thus college students who do not have sufficient financial backing ,
也就是 college students who lacks sufficient financial backing。
如果你不想使用太多的否定词,就应该尽量避免使用它们。
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