一、考查 it 用作形式主语的用法当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时,为避免头重脚轻,通常在句首使用形式主语it,而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。如:Its no good sitting up too late. 熬夜没有好处。
It is quite clear that he has read the book. 很显然,他读过这本书。
It doesnt matter what he says. 他说什么没关系。
【特别提醒】注意it用作形式主语的三类特殊句式:1.用作动词look, seem, appear, happen, occur, follow等的主语(后接that从句或as if从句)。如:It seems that he knows everything. 他好像什么都知道。
It (so) happened that I had no money with me. 碰巧我没带钱。
2.当系表结构后接有if 或when引出的状语从句时,通常在系表结构前使用形式主语表示说话人对某情况的看法。如:It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that. 他这样做使我很吃惊。
It would be a tragedy if anything went wrong. 如果出了什么事就是一个悲剧。
3.用于if it were not for / if it hadnt been for(若不是因为)。如:If it hadnt been for the freezing wind they could have reached the injured man in time. 要不是有刺骨的寒风,他们就及时赶到伤员身边了。
二、考查 it 用作形式宾语的用法当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时,就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移至句末:We found it difficult to persuade her. 我们发现很难说服她。
He makes it a rule to get up before dawn. 他习惯于天亮前起床。
I think it very strange that he goes out walking almost every night. 我认为他几乎每晚都出去散步是很奇怪的。
【特别提醒】注意it用作形式宾语的三类特殊句式:1. 动词+it+if / when从句当enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等动词后需要接一个if或when引导的从句时,此时必须要先在动词后接it作形式宾语。如:She wont like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。
He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。
Id prefer it if I didnt have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作,那就太好了。
I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这事,我会十分感激。
2. 动词+介词+it+that从句能用于此句型的主要有三个动词,即depend on, answer for, see to.如:You may depend on it that he will turn up in time. 你可以相信他会及时赶到的。
I cant answer for it that the boy is honest. 我不能保证这个男孩是诚实的。
Ill see to it that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve. 我将注意让所有的信件在12点以前送到邮局。
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