请看下面这段对话,它的特色在于四个片语动词,使会话显得轻松灵活:
X: Why cant Mary go to the picnic with us ?
Y: Because something important cropped up and she had to see to it.
X: Too Bad ! Can we do without her ?
Y: No, I think we had better put off the picnic until next Saturday.
什么是片语动词(Phrasal Verbs)呢?
片语动词是现代英语中最常见的一种惯用语,由动词+介词/ 副词构成,有一个意思,甚至多个意思,其作用等于谓语动词,可以是及物动词(The Transitive Verb),有宾语,如:see to, do without, put off等,也可以是不及物动词(The Intransitive Verb),没宾语,如crop up, speak up, opt out等。
这些是二字一体的片语动词,数目很多;也有三字一体 的,数目少得多,如:do away with, go back on, zero in on , hold on to, speak up for等。它们的构成成分是:动词+副词+介词。
二字一体的片语动词的两个字有些可以分开,有些则不可分开。如果是前者的话,那么它的名词宾语可以摆在后面(见例①)或在两个字之间(见例②):
⑴ I have left out a word.
⑵ I have left a word out.
如果宾语是代词,就必须在二字之间,如:
⑶ I have left it out.
不可以说:I have left out it .
可分开的片语动词情况如此,不可分开的又怎样呢?不可分开的片语动词的宾语,不管是名词或代词,都要在后面才出现,如:
⑷ X: When did you run into Mr Lee?
Y: I ran into him Yesterday.
文章开头话里的四个片语动词,除了put off之外,其他三个都是不可分开的。此外,三字一体的片语动词一律不可分开,如:
⑸ Can the government do away with examinations?(废除)
⑹ Dont go back on your promise.(违背)
⑺ The rich should not look down on the poor. (轻视)
⑻ We must all work hard to keep up with the times.(赶上)
综上所述,片语动词的确是种颇具特色的惯用语,极富生命力,可以在书写时用,更可以在口语中用;主要原因是片语动词结构简单,脱口而出,毫无发音上的困难。因此应该多用片语动词交谈,不要过分依赖同义的单字单词。试比较下列四句话:
⑼ a. The police are looking into the accident.
b. The police are investigating the accident.
⑽ a. The firemen have put out the blaze.
b. The firemen have extinguished the blaze.
⑾ a. Can we do away with all the old customs?
b. Can we abandon all the old customs?
⑿ a. Is it possible to wipe out social ills?
b. Is it possible to eliminate social ills?
在这四句中,是⑼a-⑿a 的难,还是⑼b-⑿b的易?如果答案是前者,那末就要加油,丰富你的片语动词,然后与单字单词交替使用,让英语更铿锵,更洒脱。
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