在英语句子里,几个修饰语叠用的时候,有一定的排列秩序。修饰语在句子中的位置错了,或排列乱了,便有麻烦,甚至意思也会因此改变,有时连语气也不通畅。
通常几个修饰语在名词之前出现时,它们的秩序应该这样排列:
首先是限定词(determiner),如the, my, this等。接着是所有格(possessive case),如mans, childrens, Johns 等。第三是序数(ordinal)如first, next, last等。第四是数目(number),如many, several, ten等。第五是性质形容词( adjective of quality),如interesting, beautiful, gloomy 等。第六是形状,(size, shape, length)如little, round, long等。第七是颜色(colour), 如red, black, white等。第八是国家(nation),如French, Indian, Singapore等。第九是属性名词(即充当修饰语的名词,attributive noun),如 history, oil, silk等。
现在举几个例子给大家参考。
① For such an occasion, you need a red silk shirt.
② Johns office is equipped with some new white steel furniture.
③ My friends restaurant serves delicious red French wine.
④ The lecturers first long public speech was a real success.
⑤ There are some comfortable round black chairs in the living room.
⑥ The artists first three expensive long blue Chinese oil paintings have been stolen.
由此可见,英语的几个修饰语,必须顺序排列,以便同时修饰后头的名词。
有些人对上述修饰语的排列秩序没有明确的概念,结果句子虽然合语法,但读来不顺口。例如⑦a和⑦b都合语法,但前者有问题,后者没有:
⑦a My teacher is a Chinese story well-known writer.
⑦b My teacher is a well-known Chinese story writer.
不同词类的修饰语如此,同词类的修饰语也如此。例如我们常常习惯一连用几个性质形容词来修饰同一个名词。这个时候,每个形容词便要重音读出,每读一个便要稍微停顿一下。书面语则用逗号表示。这些性质形容词之间没有什么严格的秩序问题,不过习惯上,长的或音节多的形容词,最好排在后头,如:
⑧ This is a dull, difficult and badly-organised essay.
⑨ Yesterday was a windy, stormy and impleasant day.
此外,词义较重要的修饰语,也较后才出现,如:
⑩ That persons destiny is bad and tragic.
11. I loathe people who are unfriendly, unhelpful and hypocritical.
12. Good language teachers are able to make lessons easy, enjoyable and effective.
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