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英语讲义【28】人称代词主格与宾格的选择方法

发布时间:2016-03-01  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  英语中的人称代词(Personal Pronouns)有主格、宾格和所有格之 分,如:

  I, me, my ; he, him, his ; they, them,their等。

  顾名思义,主格(The nominative case)用作主语,宾格(The objective case)用作宾语,所有格(The possessive case)则表示所有之物。

  在实际运用中,主格和宾格代词有时会混淆。下面是常见的问题:

  ⒈在复合结构里,人称代词的主格和宾格在单独使用时,没有问题,如很少人会犯下这样的错误:

  *(1)Wilcox spoke to I.

  *(2)Her knew what had happened.

  但在复合结构中,错误就难免了,如:

  *(3)Wilcox spoke to my friend and I.

  *(4)He and her knew what had happened.

  *(5)This is between you and he.

  这种错误是可避免的。第一,在有介词的复合结构中,特别要注意,第二个人称代词,必须用宾语,如:for you and me和 between Maria and him.第二,试把复合结构中的另一部分暂时用括号围起来,那么该用的格就容易辨别了,如:

  (6)This message is for (My father and) I or me.

  (7)(Marry and) he or him went downtown together.

  显然的,(5)里的代词是宾格的me, (6)里的代词是主格的he.

  ⒉在比较结构里,连接词as或than后面,按理用主格式,但在口语中,人们常用宾格形式,学美式英语者,更是如此:

  (8)a. You did as well as she.

    b. You did as well as her.

  (9)a. I am older than he.

    b. I am older than him.

  (a)和(b)两种说法,都可接受。但如果as和than后头分句的主语和词动都要完整出现的话,这时的人称代词,就必须是主格,如下:

  (10)You did as well as she did.

  (11)I am older than he is .

  此外,还有一点要注意,就是as和than后面虽然在语法上用主格好,用宾格也可,但是有时意思会有所不同。试比较(a)和(b):

  (12)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I.

     b. Jason praised Maria more highly than me.

  (12)a和b都被接受,但(12)a等于(13)a,而(12)b等于(13)B:

  (13)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I did (= I praised Maria).

  b. Jason praised Maria more highly than he praised me.

  显然,这两句的深层意思大有差别。遇到这种情形,为了避免误解,不妨根据要表达的意思用完整的句式表达出来。换句话说,必要的话,要用(13)这句子。

  不然,把(13)a变成(14), (13)b变成(15)也可:

  (14)I did not praise Maria as highly as Jason did.

  (15)Jason did not praise me as highly as he praised Maria.

  

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