当主语在谓语前出现时叫顺序(the natural order)。在某些情况下,我们可以把谓语成分放在主语前面,这种词序叫做倒装( the inverted order)。
倒装分两种:配合语法条例的倒装,叫grammatical inversion;配合强调语势的叫emphatic inversion。
语法上的倒装句是强制性的,包括下列 7 种:
⒈疑问句,如:
Can you do it?
How old are you?
When did you know him?
Why did you elect him as captain?
Which of these apples do you prefer?
但疑问代词做主语时,不必倒置,如:
Who is your English teacher?
What happened last night?
⒉表示愿望的句子,如:
May God bless you.
Long live the king!
⒊There引导的句子,如:
There are many cars on the road.
There stand some big trees near the river.
There is a security guard outside the bank.
⒋感叹句,如:
How beautiful the flower is!
What a smart boy you are!
⒌有连接词so, neither, nor的句子,如:
Tom can ride a bicycle; so can I.
She can neither can he.
John has never been late; nor have I.
⒍省略连词if的条件副词分句,如:
Were I you, I would not do such a thing.
Should the machine break down again, send it back to us.
Had you worked harder, you would have passed.
⒎as, however连接的让步副词分句,如:
Small as the pen is, it is a powerful weapon.
However busy you are, you should spend some time reading Zaobao weekly.
谈过了语法上的倒装句,现在谈强调的倒装句。
Never have I seen such a wicked man.
On no account must this employee be removed.
Not until he told me had I heard anything of it.
No sooner had I left than the rain came.
Up jumped the puppy.
In came John.
Down fell the rotten branches from the tree.
Out came a woman and her maid.
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