1) 概念:表示过去的过去
----|----------|--------|---- 其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如:
She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。例如:
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示原本,未能.例如:
We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as.例如:
He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开始自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
汤姆失望了,因为他到达晚会时,大部分客人已经走了。
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. 把书忘在办公室发生在去取书这一过去的动作之前,因此忘了书这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在同学们正忙于这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。
注意: had hardly when 还没等 就。例如:
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。
had no soonerthan 刚 就。例如:
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。
2016年中考英语词组辨析:quite/ rather/ very
2016年中考英语词组辨析:worth/ worthy
2016年中考英语词组辨析:afraid/ fear/ frightened
2016年中考英语词组辨析:lose/ miss
2016年中考英语词组辨析:so/ such
2016年中考英语词组辨析:tell of/ tell about
2016年中考英语词组辨析:work at/ work on/ work out
2016年中考英语词组辨析:path/ road/ way
2016年中考英语词组辨析:that/ who/ which
2016年中考英语词组辨析:pardon/ sorry/ excuse/
2016年中考英语词组辨析:accept/receive
2016年中考英语词组辨析:space/ universe
2016年中考英语词组辨析:personal/ personnel
2016年中考英语词组辨析:propose/ suggest
2016年中考英语词组辨析:surprise/ surprising/ surprised
2016年中考英语词组辨析:feel like / would like
2016年中考英语词组辨析:above/over/on/upon
2016年中考英语词组辨析:real/ true
2016年中考英语词组辨析:very / right / ju
2016年中考英语词组辨析:say/ speak/ talk/ tell
2016年中考英语词组辨析:police/ policeman
2016年中考英语词组辨析:talk with/ talk of/ talk on/ talk about
2016年中考英语词组辨析:so…that / such…that
2016年中考英语词组辨析:quick/ fast / rapid /soon
2016年中考英语词组辨析:about/ on
2016年中考英语词组辨析:see sb doing sth/ do sth
2016年中考英语词组辨析:steal/ rob
2016年中考英语词组辨析:used to do sth/ be used to doing sth
2016年中考英语词组辨析:thanks for/ thanks to
2016年中考英语词组辨析:quite / very/ too
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