1) 概念:表示过去的过去
----|----------|--------|---- 其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如:
She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。例如:
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示原本,未能.例如:
We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as.例如:
He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开始自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
汤姆失望了,因为他到达晚会时,大部分客人已经走了。
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. 把书忘在办公室发生在去取书这一过去的动作之前,因此忘了书这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在同学们正忙于这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。
注意: had hardly when 还没等 就。例如:
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。
had no soonerthan 刚 就。例如:
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。
Would you let your baby sleep in a box? 你愿意让自己的宝宝在盒子里睡觉吗?
Closing the doors on paradise 为生态修复关闭旅游天堂岛屿
Mobiles at the movies 在电影院里玩手机
In defence of shyness 为害羞的人辩护
A cashless society 无现金社会
Bored at work? Sue the boss! 工作无聊怪老板?
Pain in the neck 令人讨厌的事情或人
It's on the cards 这件事十有八九会发生
Going forward 从今往后
White / blue-collar worker 白领,蓝领
Until I'm blue in the face 任凭你磨破嘴皮
Brain training 如何训练大脑?
Too much stuff 物质主义和简约主义
Reunion? Count me out! 重聚? 别算上我!
Why do we laugh? 为什么我们会笑?
Are you addicted to your phone? 你是不是玩手机上瘾了?
Drama queen 小题大做的人
To fall at the first hurdle 跌倒在第一关
The last/final straw 忍无可忍,使人最终崩溃的一击
Are you a team player? 你是一名具有团队精神的人吗?
Bust a gut 拼了命地工作
In the blink of an eye 一眨眼之间
The future of English 未来的英语语言变化
How to become a billionaire 如何成为亿万富翁
Old-school 老一套,老派
Wardrobe dilemma 面对衣橱的困惑
Get someone's goat 火冒三丈
To turn something upside down 把……翻个底朝天
One good turn deserves another 以德报德,礼尚往来
Barefaced 厚颜无耻的
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