三者均可表示花费,区别如下:
1. 从所用主语来看:
cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语 it),不能是人;spend 的主语只能是人,不能是事或物;take 的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语 it)也可以是人。如:
The computer cost (me) $2 000. 这部电脑花了(我) 2 000 美元。
It costs (me) $1 000 a year to run a car. 使用一辆车每年要花(我)1 000美元。
I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了 1 整天找你。
It took me an hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了 1 个小时。
The letter took me an hour (to write). (译文同上)
I took an hour to write the letter. (译文同上)
注:若 cost 不是表示花费,而是表示客观上地或被动地耗费,则也可用人作主语。如:
Smokers cost the government a lot of money every year. 抽烟的人每年要耗费政府不少钱。
2. 从所接宾语来看:
cost 的宾语通常是钱,take 的宾语通常是时间,而 spend 的宾语则可以是时间或钱。如:
How much did it cost to build the bridge? 建这座桥花了多少钱?
It took her two hours to walk to the station. 走路去车站花了她两小时。
He spends much time (money) on books. 他花了很多时间读(钱买)书。
注:cost 有时也用于时间,但通常只用于笼统时间(一般不用于具体明确的时间)。如:
Making experiments like this costs much time and labour. 做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。
按传统语法,take 的宾语通常是时间,但在现代英语中,用钱作其宾语的现象已很普遍。如:
It takes a lot of money to buy a house. 买一座房子要花一大笔钱。
3. 从句型结构来看:
(1) 三者的通常句型为:
sth costs (sb) money 某物花某人多少钱
it costs (sb) money to do sth 做某事花某人多少钱
sb spends time (money) on sth 某人在某一方面花多少钱
sb spends time (money) in [on] doing sth 某人在做某事方面花多少钱
it takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth 做某事花某人多少时间或钱
sth takes sb time (money) to do 某事花某人多少时间或钱去做
sb takes time (moeny) to do 某人花多少时间或钱去做某事
(2) 用于以上意义时,cost 不能用于被动语态,take 通常不用于被动语态,而 spend 则可以用于被动语态。如:
误:Thirty dollars was cost by the coat.
误:Two hours was taken to do the work.
正:Two hours was spent on the work. 做这工作花了两个小时。
4. 在比喻用法中:
(1) cost 指付出代价(劳力、麻烦、精力、生命等)。如:
Careless driving will cost you your life. 粗心开车会要你的命。
Just ring him up. Itll cost you nothing. 给他打个电话,这不费什么事。
(2) spend 表示消耗、用完。如:
Ill spend no more breath on him. 我不会再和他费唇舌。
He spent great efforts to help me. 他费了很大的劲儿来帮我。
(3) take 表示需要人力(精力、劳力等)。如:
It takes patience. 做这工作需要耐心。
It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。
It took three men to lift the box. 抬这个箱子要 3 个人。
体坛英语资讯:Real Madrid and PSG preapre for decisive Champions League tie
国际英语资讯:Iran, India sign major agreements to expand economic ties
体坛英语资讯:Kenyas Mungara targets marathon win at Cwealth Games
北京老楼免费装电梯 刷卡乘用
国际英语资讯:Juncker urges to simplify EU defense, security policy decision-making process
体坛英语资讯:Pekarik pens contract extension at Berlin
关于抓狂的15种表达,你知道吗?
体坛英语资讯:Figure skaters Sui/Han wins China 2nd silver medal at PyeongChang Olympics
体坛英语资讯:Former Beijing Guoan midfielder Ralf returns to Corinthians
狗年想换工作?记住这7条就对了
国际英语资讯:More tourists travel around China during holiday
狗年盘点“网红狗”
国际英语资讯:Brazil hosts regional summit on refugees in LatAm
国内英语资讯:China becomes top market for Chilean winemakers
这些方法能让你和你的另一半身心愉悦
体坛英语资讯:Fourcade of France wins mens biathlon 12.5 km pursuit at PyeongChang Olympics
俄罗斯冰壶铜牌运动员药检呈阳性
拉脱维亚央行行长被捕,总理大力安抚欧洲
国际英语资讯:Spotlight: Triangle ties among EU, U.S., Russia in focus at Munich Security Conference
国际英语资讯:Funeral parade held for Zimbabwe opposition leader Tsvangirai
体坛英语资讯:Kingsbury of Canada wins mens moguls at PyeongChang Olympics
国内英语资讯:Chinese president sends condolence to Iranian counterpart over plane crash
体坛英语资讯:Former Udinese midfielder Valentim named Botafogo coach
体坛英语资讯:Uganda prepare for 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualifiers
体坛英语资讯:Asensio the key as Madrid claim late win over PSG
属狗名人盘点:他们谁是金狗年生的[1]
国际英语资讯:Iran vows further cut of nuke commitments if parties fail to secure interests
联合国秘书长呼吁停战救助东古塔被困平民
中国过年吃的吉利食物 你知道都有什么寓意吗?
美国驻黑山大使馆受到小型炸弹袭击
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |