2015高考英语词汇之名词化

名词化

　　在英语中，还有很多其他词类构成的名词，如形容词、动词的-ing形式和-ed形式、基数词、序数词、表示抽象意义的动作名词等。

　　1.名词化的特征

　　所谓名词化指的是其他非名词类的词转化为名词的情况。名词化的名词有其自己的特征，主要表现在以下四个方面:

　　(1)泛指一类人或事物

　　the rich 富人

　　the wounded伤员

　　(2)表示抽象的概念

　　feeling情感

　　thinking思想、思维

　　(3)表示动作

　　have a swim去游泳

　　make a study学习、研究

　　(4)表示特殊含义

　　a somebody重要的人物

　　a something重要的东西

　　2.各种形式的名词化

　　英语中名词化的形式主要有如下几种:

　　(1)the +形容词

　　the+形容词常表示一类人或一类事。这样的名词作主语时谓语动词应用复数形式。常见的有:

　　the new新生事物

　　the old陈旧的事物、老年人

　　the rich富人

　　the poor穷人

　　the blind盲人

　　the deaf聋哑人

　　the dead死的人

　　(2)the+动词的-ed形式

　　the wounded伤员

　　the unknown未知之人或事

　　the aged老年人

　　the beloved心爱的人

　　the killed被杀害的人

　　the learned有学问的人

　　(3)动词的-ing形式

　　the dying奄奄一息的人

　　feeling情感

　　suffering苦难

　　thinking思维

　　(4)基数词

　　in ones fifties在某人五十几岁时

　　in threes and fours三三两两的

　　at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟，不和

　　(5)序数词

　　come out first获得第一名

　　from the first从第一个开始

　　need a third in the game三缺一

　　(6)具有动作意义的名词

　　have a look看一看

　　have a break休息一下

　　make a choice作出选择

　　make a decision作出决定

　　have a swim去游泳

　　take a sleep睡一觉

　　have a go试一试

　　(7)个别不定代词

　　Jim is really a somebody.

　　吉姆真了不起。

　　The grand building is really a something.

　　这辉煌的大楼真是了不起。

　　(8)副词用作名词

　　It is dangerous in here.Keep off.

　　这里危险，请走开。

　　I dont want you to go between yes and no.

　　我不想让你在是和非之间举棋不定。

　　点击考点

　　1.Lucy tried her best to find a good job in the city，but she had no______.

　　A.trouble

　　B.idea

　　C.luck

　　D.time

　　2.Whats your______for being late again?

　　A.idea

　　B.key

　　C.excuse

　　D.news

　　3.I feel tired.I have so much work to do and dont have much time for myself.

　　You should take______，I think.

　　A.health

　　B.exercise

　　C.lesson

　　D.time

　　4.There are______on the table.

　　A.a glass of water

　　B.a glass of milk

　　C.two glasses of water

　　D.a glass of orange

　　5.They are thirsty.Will you please give them______?

　　Certainly.

　　A.some bottles of waters

　　B.some bottles of water

　　C.some bottle of water

　　D.some bottle of waters

　　6.Ask the naughty boys not to make any______.I cant fall asleep.

　　A.voice

　　B.sound

　　C.noise

　　D.singing

　　7.Help yourself to______.

　　Thanks.Mmm...it tastes good.

　　A.some chickens

　　B.a chicken

　　C.some chicken

　　D.any chicken

　　8.Twelve______were hurt，but no______were lost in that accident.

　　A.person;life

　　B.people;lives

　　C.peoples;lives

　　D.persons;life

　　9.The______are going to fly to Beijing.

　　A.German

　　B.Germany

　　C.Germanys

　　D.Germans

　　10.Theres ______left for the new furniture.

　　A.no rooms

　　B.not much room

　　C.no places

　　D.not much place

　　11.Please help me move the table in.

　　But there is not enough______for it.

　　A.place

　　B.floor

　　C.room

　　D.ground

　　12.______can you see on the plate?

　　Three pieces of bread.

　　A.How many bread

　　B.How many breads

　　C.How much bread

　　D.How much breads

　　13.Wheres Tom?

　　Hes left a______saying that he has something important to do.

　　A.excuse

　　B.sentence

　　C.news

　　D.message

　　14.______turn green in spring.

　　A.Leaf

　　B.Leafs

　　C.Leave

　　D.Leaves

　　15.Father went to his doctor for______about his heart trouble.

　　A.an advice

　　B.advice

　　C.advices

　　D.the advices

　　16.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into______.

　　A.fact

　　B.reality

　　C.practice

　　D.deed

　　17.Weve missed the last bus.Im afraid we have no______but to take a taxi.

　　A.way

　　B.choice

　　C.possibility

　　D.selection

　　18.He dropped the______and broke it.

　　A.cup of coffee

　　B.coffees cup

　　C.cup for coffee

　　D.coffee cup

　　19.Heres my card.Lets keep in______.

　　A.touch

　　B.relation

　　C.connection

　　D.friendship

　　20.He gained his______by printing______of famous writers.

　　A.wealth;work

　　B.wealths;works

　　C.wealths;work

　　D.wealth;works

　　21.Ill look into the matter as soon as possible.Just have a little ______.

　　A.wait

　　B.time

　　C.patience

　　D.rest

　　22.If by any chance someone comes to see me，ask them to leave a ______.

　　A.message

　　B.letter

　　C.sentence

　　D.notice

　　23.Youll find this map of great______in helping you to get round London.

　　A.price

　　B.cost

　　C.value

　　D.usefulness

　　24.It wont make much_______whether you agree or not.

　　A.trouble

　　B.difference

　　C.troubles

　　D.differences

　　25.Im sorry my computer has been out of_______for a few days.I have got to use my pen for a little while.

　　A.place

　　B.order

　　C.touch

　　D.date

　　26.He left_______with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon. He said he would keep_______.

　　A.words;his words

　　B.word;his word

　　C.word;word

　　D.the word;his word

　　27.These football players had no strict______until they joined our club.

　　A.practice

　　B.education

　　C.exercise

　　D.training

　　28.Students sometimes support themselves by______of evening jobs.

　　A.way

　　B.choice

　　C.means

　　D.help

　　29.Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas，wind and other forms of______.

　　A.energy

　　B.source

　　C.power

　　D.material

　　30.Parents always let their children have their own______of living，which can surely suit both the parents and children.

　　A.way

　　B.method

　　C.manner

　　D.fashion

　　答案:

　　1.C 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.B 11.C 12.C 13.D 14.D 15.B 16.C 17.B 18.D 19.A 20.D 21.C 22.A 23.C 24.B 25.B 26.B 27.D 28.C 29.A 30.A