指示代词
1.指示代词概述
指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词,表示这个(些)、那个(些)。常用的指示代词有this,that,these,those。指示代词与定冠词、人称代词一样,都具有指定的含义。它们所指的对象取决于说话者和听话者共同熟悉的语境。指示代词在句中可作定语、主语、宾语、表语等。如
I loved this concert very much.(定语)
我非常喜欢这场音乐会。
This is Bill.Is that Robert speaking? (主语)
我是比尔,你是罗伯特吗?
Do you like this? (宾语)
你喜欢这个吗?
What I like is this,not that.(表语)
我所喜欢的是这个,不是那个。
2.指示代词的用法
(1)指示代词this,these往往在指时间上或空间上较近的人或物;that,those可指时间上或空间上较远的人或物。
This is my friend Charlie Brown.(近指)
这是我的朋友查理布朗。
This gift is for you and that one is for your brother.(this近指,that远指)
这件礼物是你的,那件是你弟弟的。
I love these books but I dont like those.(these近指,those远指)
我喜欢这些书,但不喜欢那些。
(2)that,those常常用来代替已提到过的名词,以避免重复。
The computers work faster than those we bought last year.
这些计算机比我们去年买的运行速度快。
The life in the country is more peaceful than that in the city.
乡村的生活比城市的生活要安静。
注意:
上文提到的事物,英语中常用that或those表示,而汉语却常用这表示。
I had a bad cold.That was why I didnt go to school.
我感冒了,这是我为什么没上学的原因。
Those are the VCDs you want.
这就是你要的影碟。
(3)在those who/which/that...或 those people who,those things which/that...句型中who/which引导的定语从句说明those的范围。
Those (students) who do not want to go can stay.
不想去的(学生)可以留下来。
I have read those books which/that I borrowed.
我已经读完了我所借的书。
注意:
在those (...) who/which...中those 不可用these替代。
(4)当所指的事物已确定时,后面的指示代词指人时须用he,she或they替代,指物时须用it或they替代。
Are the books yours?
Yes,they are.
-这些书是你的吗?
-是的,正是。
That is your mistake,isnt it?
那是你的错,不是吗?
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