高考英语总复习语法专项 非谓语动词2

　　现在分词

　　一.形式: 现在分词的一般式是doing, 另外还有一些变化形式如下表

　　主动被动

　　一般式doing being done

　　完成式having donehaving been done

　　二.现在分词在句中的作用: 作定语, 状语, 宾语补足语, 表语

　　1.作定语:

　　a. I don't know the quarrelling couple.

　　b. The woman coming to Paris from London was Lucie Manette.

　　2.作状语: 现在分词作状语时, 可以表示时间, 原因, 伴随动作, 方式等, 或对谓语动词所表示的动作加以修饰或说明

　　a. Entering the small room, Defarge found Dr Manette making a shoe.

　　b. Knowing that she was an experienced worker, they often asked her for help.

　　c. He ran after me, holding something in his hand.

　　d. Please fill in this form, giving your name, address, etc.

　　e. Having brought her father back to England, Lucie helped him to get better.

　　f. The poor of the cities, having lived such a hard life, took up guns.

　　g. So he left France, preferring to give up the fortune that would one day come to him.

　　3.作宾补:

　　a. Dont make any noise! Don you see the child sleeping ?

　　b. I saw them playing on the playground at six oclock.

　　4.作表语:

　　a. The film is very moving (感人的).

　　动名词

　　一.形式: 动名词的形式与现在分词完全相同

　　二.动名词在句中的作用: 动名词在句中起着名词的作用, 可以作主语, 宾语和表语

　　1.作主语:

　　a. Planting wheat close together is very important.

　　b. Listening to music is a pleasure.

　　2.作宾语: 包括动词的宾语和介词的宾语

　　a. They have just finished collecting crops.

　　b. This book is about both farming and gardening.

　　c. All of them succeeded in crossing the river.

　　3.作定语:

　　a. He is in the reading room.

　　4.作表语:

　　a. His work is teaching English.

　　三.动名词的复合结构:

　　动名词之前可以直接加上其逻辑主语, 用名词 / 人称代词 / 物主代词 / 名词所有格来表示 (如果是在句首, 则多用物主代词 / 名词所有格来表示). 这种带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构, 这种结构在句中的作用和单个的动名词一样

　　a. Jacks / His going there was a great mistake.

　　b. I dont like young people smoking./ I dont like them smoking.

　　c. I dont like young peoples smoking. / I dont like their smoking.

　　d. There will be no chance for your seeing him again.

　　四.使用动名词时应注意的问题:

　　1.在动词want, need, require后接动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思, 相当于want / need / require to be done

　　a. The flowers need watering. = The flowers need to be watered.

　　2.在forget, remember, regret, excuse, thank, apologize等动词后, 可以用动名词的一般式代替完成式

　　a. She didnt remember meeting him before.

　　b. I regret quarrelling with him.

　　过去分词

　　一.形式: 过去分词只有一个形式(参看动词概述一章有关过去分词的构成规则)

　　二.过去分词在句中的作用: 作定语, 状语, 宾语补足语, 表语

　　1.作定语: 单个过去分词作定语, 位于它所修饰的词之前, 如: an organized trip; 过去分词短语作定语,位于它所修饰的词之后, 如: a trip organized by the school

　　2.作状语: 过去分词作状语时, 可以表示时间, 原因, 伴随情况, 条件等

　　a. Seen from the hill, the town looks beautiful.

　　b. Moved by his deeds, the people decided to do their best.

　　c. He went to the house, followed by some children.

　　d. Given more time, he would be able to do better.

　　e. Once discovered, the enemies were completely wiped out.

　　f. Taken in time, the medicine will be quite effective.

　　3.作表语:

　　a. The lake is badly polluted.

　　4.作宾补:

　　a. We were surprised to find all the trees blown down by the hurricane.

　　b. I saw the thief caught by the police.

　　c. I have made my ideas known to all of them.

　　d. The government had all the streets cleared.

　　常见问题

　　一.非谓语动词的含义与逻辑主语的问题:

　　不同的非谓语动词的形式可以充当相同的句子成分, 如不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可以作表语、定语、状语、宾补, 要弄清它们之间的区别, 要把握以下几大问题:

　　1.非谓语动词的含义. 非谓语动词的含义包括两个方面: ①.时间, 即将做、正做或己做; ②.语态, 即主动或被动

　　①.动词不定式的各种形式的一般含义见下表:

　　主动被动

　　一般式to do 将做某事to be done将被

　　进行式to be doing正在做某事X

　　完成式to have done己做某事to have been done己经被

　　②.现在分词或动名词各种形式的一般含义见下表:

　　主动被动

　　一般式doing 正在做某事being done正在被

　　完成式having done己做某事having been done己经被

　　③.过去分词或含有被动的含义, 或含有完成的含义, 或两者兼而有之, 即表示被, 己或己被

　　2.非谓语动词的逻辑主语: 非谓语动词的含义所描述的人或事物, 就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语

　　3.非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子成分的关系:

　　①.非谓语动词作状语时, 其逻辑主语应是句子的主语

　　②.非谓语动词作宾补时, 其逻辑主语应是句子的宾语

　　③.非谓语动词作定语时, 其逻辑主语应是被修饰词

　　④.非谓语动词作表语时, 其逻辑主语应是句子的主语

　　请结合前文的例句, 仔细体会以上的表述