一些中学英语易混结构分析(一)
在英语学习中经常遇到结构相混的问题,例如:简单句和复合句;复合结构与从句;强调结构与定语从句;省略成分辨认;并列成分对等关系等等,笔者分析一下这些容易相混的结构,能为读者提供点滴帮助。
1.The boy dived into the water and after _____ seemed to be a long time , he came up again. A. that B. what C. it
此题选择B。但有好多学生选择A,认为 after that 或after it 读起来有感觉,很通畅,没有认识到seemed to be a long time 是一个从句,意思是:在似乎好长时间以后,他又上来了。That 引导名词性从句时没有词义也没有地位(不能充当成分);it 填在此处没有有引导词,语法上是不允许的。
2. I saw a young lady ________ an ice cream in front of the stand .
A. was buying B. buying
此题选择A,成为含有宾语从句的主从复合句,选择B,成为有复合宾语的复合结构。See 虽然可以跟宾语从句,但能用复合结构表示应用复合结构。
See 可以跟doing 做宾语补足语,还可以跟do做补足语,意义有所不同,see sb. doing sth.表示看见某人正在做某事;而see sb. do sth. 则表示看见某人做了某事。 判断用do 还是用doing 有时要考虑意思,有时从结构上加以判别。例如:
I saw one man in the car _____ out a pocket book and begin to read .
A. pulling B. pull C. to pull
这里有begin ,由and 连接, 说明横线处用pull , 而不用pulling 。
3. T.S. Eliot was _______________ .
A. famous not only in Britain but also in America
B. not only famous in Britain but also in America
此题是成语连词连接的成分平行问题,语法上要求,成语连词连接的成分必须对等,此题应选择A,not onlybut also 连接 in Britain 和in America 两个介词短语。而B项中not onlybut also 连接的两部分不对等,如果改为not only famous in Britain but also famous in America (连接两个形容词短语)就可以接受了。
4. Mother gave more pocket money to David than __________ .
A. Lena B. to Lena
此题也是连词前后对等问题,如果than 后填Lena 的话,全句误解为:妈妈给David的零花钱不如Lana给David给得多,所以,此题选择B,to David 与to Lena并列。
5. To know what is good and _______ are two different things .
A. doing what is right B. does what is right
C. to do what is right D. did what was right
此题是 and 前后连接的部分必须对等的问题,and 前是不定式,后也应是不定式,所以,此题选择C。如果把题干中 to know. 改为knowing 的话,此题则选择A。
6. Stand up ___________ .
A. ,do your homework B. and you can do your homework
C. , you do your homework
此题是结构问题,如果选择A,理解为两个祈使句并列,由逗号,连接, 这是错误的结构,因为逗号不能连接两个句子;如果选择B,理解为祈使句+陈述句句型,意思是如果你站立起来就能做作业了。如果选择C,理解为祈使句+逗号+陈述句句型,这个句型是错误的,所以,只能选择B。
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