主谓一致中的三原则(3)
【就近一致原则】
也称邻近原则,即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在人称、数上一致。
I.在正式文体中:
1.由下列词语连接的并列主语:or;either or;nor;neitheror;whetheror;notbut;not onlybut also ;等。e.g.
①What he does or what he says does not concern me. 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。
②Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。
③Not you but your father is to blame. 不是你,而是你父亲该受责备。
④Not only you hut(also)he is wrong .不仅你错了,他也错了。
2. 在倒装句中:谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。e.g.
①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people. 在远处,能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。
②There is (are)a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
II. 非正式文体中:
有时依就近一致原则,但也可依意义一致原则或严格地依语法一致原则。e.g.
Neither she nor I were there (意义一致)我和他当时都不在那儿。(非正式)
Neither she nor I was there .(就近一致)(译文同上句)(正式)
但是,如果依就近一致原则而与其他两项原则相矛盾时,则常常认为是不太合符规范的。e.g.
No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。(依就近和意义一致的原则;但语法上,No one 才是主语,谓语要改成agrees。写作中一般要依语法一致原则。
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