过去分词作定语讲与练
过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当表语、定语等成份。下面仅谈其作定语和表语的用法。
一、过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。
1、前置定语
单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。
A类:被动意义:
an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人
The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。
B类:完成意义:
a retired teacher 一位退休的教师
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.
他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。
2、后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如:
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written)。
这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?
二、过去分词作表语
作表语的过去分词主要来自及物动词,在主-系-表句型中,说明主语所处的一种状态。其中系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。如:
You seem frightened.
你看样子受了惊吓。
少数不及物动词(如go, come, set)的过去分词也能作表语,但它们不表示被动意义,只是表示动作完成。如:
They are gone for vacation.
他们度假去了。
注意:要区别系动词+过去分词(系表结构) 和 系动词+过去分词(被动语态)。如:
A. The library is now closed.
图书馆现在关门了。
B. The library is closed at six.
图书馆经常在六点钟关门。
说明:作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态,强调主谓关系。这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite, very, rather等修饰词。系动词可有多种,表示不同的意义;被动语态表示动作,强调动宾关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by短语来表示。因此,我们不难看出在上面两句中,A句是系表结构,B句是被动语态。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Most of the artists _____ to the party were from South Africa. (MET 1990)
A. invited B. to invite
C. being invited D. had been invited
2. The computer center, _____last year, is very popular among the students in this school. (NMET 1993)
A. open B. opening
C. having opened D. opened
3. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____ by the hour.(NMET 1998)
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
4.How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand _____ by the customers. (北京2002)
A. to solving; making
B. to solving; made
C. to solve; making
D. to solve; made
5. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge.
(上海2002)
A. being known B. having been known
C. to be known D. known
Key: 1-5 ADCBD
Are you a team player? 你是一名具有团队精神的人吗?
In defence of shyness 为害羞的人辩护
Hangry 饥饿成怒
Why do we laugh? 为什么我们会笑?
You're pulling my leg! 你在愚弄我!
Pain in the neck 令人讨厌的事情或人
One good turn deserves another 以德报德,礼尚往来
Are you addicted to your phone? 你是不是玩手机上瘾了?
Mobiles at the movies 在电影院里玩手机
Burn a hole in your pocket 有钱不花难受
It's on the cards 这件事十有八九会发生
Too much stuff 物质主义和简约主义
To make a mountain out of a molehill 小题大做
The last/final straw 忍无可忍,使人最终崩溃的一击
Reunion? Count me out! 重聚? 别算上我!
Lights! Camera! English! 灯光,摄像机,英语!
Clean up your act 改邪归正
Pull something out of the hat 突施妙计
Young and in business 年轻人创业从商
Apple’s headphone headache? 令人头疼的新款苹果耳机
Barefaced 厚颜无耻的
The daily commute 每天上下班
White / blue-collar worker 白领,蓝领
Get someone's goat 火冒三丈
The good of gardening 园艺疗法益心养神
How to live longer 怎么才能长寿
A cashless society 无现金社会
The future of English 未来的英语语言变化
Online Shopping 网上购物-英语点津
Is a game just a game? 游戏只是游戏吗?
| 不限 |
| 英语教案 |
| 英语课件 |
| 英语试题 |
| 不限 |
| 不限 |
| 上册 |
| 下册 |
| 不限 |