Asay/tell+宾语+be+不定式:
He said/told me that I was to wait.
他说我得等着。
这种结构可以代替tell+不定式结构,因此:
He said,Dont open the door.
他说:别开门。
可转述为:
He told me not to open the door.
他让我别开门。
He said that I wasnt to open the door.
他叫我不要开门。
be+不定式结构特别常用于下列场合:
1如命令是由动词现在式引导的:
He says,Meet me at the station.
他说:在车站接我。相当于:
He says that we are to meet him at the station.
他让我们到车站去接他。
(在这里使用 He tells us to meet him...形式的可能性要小得多。)
2如命令前有一个从句时(一般为时间从句或条件从句):
He said,If she leaves the house follow her.
他说:如果她离开这所房子,就跟着她。
He said that if she left the house I was to follow her.
他说如果她离开这所房子,我就得跟着她。
He told me to follow her if she left the house(他让我在她离开这所房子时跟着她)同样也是可以的。但需注意,如果在这里用 tell+不定式结构,就必须首先改变从句的位置,将命令部分放在前面。有时这会使一个句子变得不顺或难解。如一个表示请求的句子If you see Ann tell her to ring me(如果你看见安,让她给我打个电话)可转述为He told me to tell Ann to ring him if I saw her。但为了避免不顺或难解,这种表示请求的句子只能用be+不定式结构来进行转述:
He said that if I saw Ann I was to tell her to ring him.
他说如果我见到安,我得告诉她给他打个电话。
B say/tell(+ that)+主语+should
1 ay/tell与 should结构连用,一般表示劝告而并不是命令:
He said,If your brakes are bad dont drive so fast.
他说:如果你的刹车不灵,就别开得这么快。相当于:
He said/told me that if my brakes were bad I shouldnt drive so fast.
他嘱咐我如果我的刹车不灵,就别开得那么快。
He advised me not to drive so fast if my brakes were bad.
他忠告我如果我的刹车不灵,就别开那么快。(注意:这里的从句位置的变化与上面tell+不定式结构相同。)
2表示劝告也可以用advise,recommend和urge+thatshould结构。这种结构的被动式形式用得更为广泛:
I advise cancelling the meeting,he said.
他说:我建议取消会议。
He advised that the meeting should be cancelled.
他建议会议应予取消。
3 command和order也可以与should或被动式连用:
Evacuate the area!ordered the superintendent.
警务长命令说:所有人员撤出这一地区!相当于:
The superintendent ordered that everyone should leave the area/ordered that the area should be evacuated/ordered the area to be evacuated.
警务长命令所有人员撤出该地区/撤出该地区。
4 注意:使用宾语+不定式结构表示间接命令时,通常是在对受命者直接发令。但像上面 A中所示用 be+不定式结构,或像上面B3中所示用should结构来表示命令时,那么就不一定是对受命者直接发令了,可能是由第三者把命令传达给受命者。
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