在现实生活中,不少英语学习者发现在交际过程中有时不能很好表达自己的思想或理解别人的情感,会说出闹不少笑话的chinglish 。怎样才能避免这种情况呢?以下几点供你参考。
一、要了解西方国家的文化和风土人情强调了解中西文化差异,及其不同表达方式,才能使交际有效。
如:Jack is a green hand at doing this work. 这里green hand意思是生手、没有经验,而不是绿色的手之意。England是个岛国,船是重要交通工具,为保养船只,常用与海水一样的绿色油漆来漆船。一个不熟练的油漆工,工作时常会双手粘满油漆。了解了这一背景,green hand之意就不喻自明。
又如:Smith can do nothing in the company because he is just a small potato there. a small potato是小人物之意,而非小土豆的意思。只有了解西方文化,才会理解这种修辞的意义。
二、要学会在适当语言环境中使用适当的语言
语言环境在很大程度上制约着用词。要注意在不同的语言环境中使用适合上下文的词,使思想连贯、内容完整。如:在西方,医生看到病人常问?quot;How do you feel Whats wrong看到病人脸色不好,会说:You look pale.或问:Do you sleep well而不说:How are you那是西方人见面时相互寒暄的用法,并不是真的询问别人的身体状况。
当看到好字,就十分自然联想起英语里的good或well,但我们更要研究其深层涵义,即在特定语境中好字的内涵和外延,如:
Put on your coat before going out。Tom is a yes - person。If the matter isnt dealt with properly : youll get into trouble。
Oh: some one is injured。
三、要学会判断交际时哪些语言形式可接受,哪些不可接受。
我们常会给对方提建议,提建议的目的是让别人接受我们的建议。当然,对方是否接受我们的建议取决于与对方关系和建议的可行性,但是要避免使用带有命令口气的词语和方式。如:Is groups you to do sth.,You must/should等,而用婉转语气,恰当的语言都会在很大程度上影响对方接受建议与否。如:Why dont you?,Why not?,Youd better.Do you think?等。
Why dont you/Why not spend more money on books?
Youd better do your homework all by yourself。
Dont you think smoking too much is harmful to your health? 四、要养成用英语来思维英汉两种语言差异较大,用汉语思维模式来取代英语思维模式,往往会逐字理解、对释,这种一一对应的错误模式违反了英语表达规律。
如:Today is very close。英语语法中表示天气时间和距离,常用it做主语。It is very close today。
又如:Sorry: I forget my dictionary at home. 这是按照汉语的字面意思来表达,动词forget在表示忘记带某物时,不与地点状语连用。该句正确表达是I left my dictionary at home.
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